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Response to an aerobic training intervention in young adults depends on ponderal index at birth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2012

T. D. Brutsaert ,
K. H. Tamvada ,
M. Kiyamu ,
D. D. White  and
T. B. Gage
T. D. Brutsaert*
Affiliation:
Departments of Exercise Science and Anthropology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
K. H. Tamvada
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
M. Kiyamu
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
D. D. White
Affiliation:
College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.
T. B. Gage
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr T. D. Brutsaert, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, 820 Comstock Avenue, 201 Women's Building/Room 201, Syracuse, NY 13244-5040, USA. (Email [email protected])
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Abstract

Poor fetal growth is associated with later-life changes in adult body composition and decrements in muscle strength and morphology. Few studies have investigated the association of poor fetal growth with whole-body exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of poor fetal growth with the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate levels during exercise and the response to aerobic training. Thirty-six college-aged men and women (aged 20.8 ± 0.3 years), born to term (37–42 weeks gestation), were recruited to participate in an 8-week training program. Participants comprised two groups, high ponderal index (HIGHPI) and low ponderal index (LOWPI) (n = 18/group), identified as falling above and below the 10th percentile of the ponderal index (g/cm3)-for-gestational age distribution, respectively. The HIGHPI and LOWPI were matched pair-wise on age, sex, body mass index and pre-study physical activity patterns. The LOWPI and HIGHPI did not differ significantly before training, after training or with a change (Δ) in training VO2max (l/min or ml/min kg/fat-free mass (FFM)). However, LOWPI had significantly lower pre-training lactate levels at similar levels of relative work output (P = 0.016), and significantly smaller decreases in lactate at a fixed level of absolute work after training (P = 0.044). These differences were independent of pre-training aerobic fitness, the change in fitness with training, diet and fuel substrate choice. The lower lactate of untrained LOWPI subjects during exercise could reflect metabolic reprograming due to intrauterine growth restriction, or could be secondary to muscle morphological and/or fiber-type distribution changes that also associate with poor fetal growth.

Keywords

fetal programinghuman performanceintrauterine growth retardationmetabolicmuscleponderal index
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 3 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 424 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2012 

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