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Prenatal programming of obesity in a swine model of leptin resistance: modulatory effects of controlled postnatal nutrition and exercise

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2014

A. Barbero ,
S. Astiz ,
C. Ovilo ,
C. J. Lopez-Bote ,
M. L. Perez-Solana ,
M. Ayuso ,
I. Garcia-Real  and
A. Gonzalez-Bulnes
A. Barbero
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
S. Astiz
Affiliation:
Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, Madrid, Spain
C. Ovilo
Affiliation:
Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, Madrid, Spain
C. J. Lopez-Bote
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
M. L. Perez-Solana
Affiliation:
Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, Madrid, Spain
M. Ayuso
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
I. Garcia-Real
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
A. Gonzalez-Bulnes*
Affiliation:
Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, Madrid, Spain
*
*Address for correspondence: A. Gonzalez-Bulnes, Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040-Madrid, Spain. (Email [email protected])
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Abstract

The main role of early nutritional programming in the current rise of obesity and associated diseases is well known. However, translational studies are mostly based in postnatal food excess and, thus, there is a paucity of information on the phenotype of individuals with prenatal deficiencies but adequate postnatal conditions. Thus, we assessed the effects of prenatal programming (comparing descendants from females fed with a diet fulfilling 100 or only 50% of their nutritional requirements for pregnancy) on gene expression, patterns of growth and fattening, metabolic status and puberty attainment of a swine model of obesity/leptin resistance with controlled postnatal nutrition and opportunity of exercise. Maternal restriction was related to changes in the relationships among gene expression of positive (insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2) and negative (myostatin) regulators of muscle growth, with negative correlations in gilts from restricted pregnancies and positive relationships in the control group. In spite of these differences, the patterns of growth and fattening and the metabolic features during juvenile growth were similar in control gilts and gilts from restricted pregnancies. Concomitantly, there was a lack of differences in the timing of puberty attainment. However, after reaching puberty and adulthood, females from restricted pregnancies were heavier and more corpulent than control gilts, though such increases in weight and size were not accompanied by increases in adiposity. In conclusion, in spite of changes in gene expression induced by developmental programming, the propensity for higher weight and adiposity of individuals exposed to prenatal malnutrition may be modulated by controlled food intake and opportunity of physical exercise during infant and juvenile development.

Keywords

developmental programmingmetabolismobesity
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 248 - 258
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2014 

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