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Periconception maternal smoking and low education are associated with methylation of INSIGF in children at the age of 17 months

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2012

S. A. Obermann-Borst ,
B. T. Heijmans ,
P. H. C. Eilers ,
E. W. Tobi ,
E. A. P. Steegers ,
P. E. Slagboom  and
R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
S. A. Obermann-Borst
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Eramus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
B. T. Heijmans
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
P. H. C. Eilers
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Eramus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
E. W. Tobi
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
E. A. P. Steegers
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Eramus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
P. E. Slagboom
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen*
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Eramus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Eramus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen, Professor in Periconception Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. (Email [email protected])
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Abstract

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and a low socioeconomic status (SES) lead to increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcome. Maternal education is often used as proxy for SES. We explored the programming of the insulin pathway genes IGF2 DMR (insulin growth factor 2 differentially methylated region), IGF2R (insulin growth factor 2 receptor) and INSIGF [the overlapping region of IGF2 and insulin (INS)] in the child through any periconception maternal smoking and education level. In 120 children at 17 months of age, methylation of DNA derived from white blood cells was measured. Periconception smoking and low education were independently associated with INSIGF methylation and showed a relative increase in methylation of +1.3%; P = 0.043 and +1.6%; P = 0.021. Smoking and low education showed an additive effect on INSIGF methylation (+2.8%; P = 0.011). There were no associations with IGF2 DMR and IGF2R methylation. Our data suggest that periconception maternal smoking and low education are associated with epigenetic marks on INSIGF in the very young child, this warrants further study in additional populations.

Keywords

CpG sitesIGF2 DMRIGF2RINSIGFmethylation
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 3 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 315 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2012

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