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Expression of cholesterol packaging and transport genes in human and rat placenta: impact of obesity and a high-fat diet

Part of: DOHaD ANZ Conference 2018: Genes, Environment and Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2019

Sally A. V. Draycott Open the ORCID record for Sally A. V. Draycott [Opens in a new window] ,
Zoe Daniel ,
Raheela Khan ,
Beverly S. Muhlhausler ,
Matthew J. Elmes  and
Simon C. Langley-Evans
Sally A. V. Draycott*
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK Food and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Food and Wine Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Zoe Daniel
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
Raheela Khan
Affiliation:
Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, The Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
Beverly S. Muhlhausler
Affiliation:
Food and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Food and Wine Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, Australia
Matthew J. Elmes
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
Simon C. Langley-Evans
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
*
Address for correspondence: Sally A. V. Draycott, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Evidence suggests that sub-optimal maternal nutrition has implications for the developing offspring. We have previously shown that exposure to a low-protein diet during gestation was associated with upregulation of genes associated with cholesterol transport and packaging within the placenta. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of altering maternal dietary linoleic acid (LA; omega-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; omega-6) ratios as well as total fat content on placental expression of genes associated with cholesterol transport. The potential for maternal body mass index (BMI) to be associated with expression of these genes in human placental samples was also evaluated. Placentas were collected from 24 Wistar rats at 20-day gestation (term = 21–22-day gestation) that had been fed one of four diets containing varying fatty acid compositions during pregnancy, and from 62 women at the time of delivery. Expression of 14 placental genes associated with cholesterol packaging and transfer was assessed in rodent and human samples by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. In rats, placental mRNA expression of ApoA2, ApoC2, Cubn, Fgg, Mttp and Ttr was significantly elevated (3–30 fold) in animals fed a high LA (36% fat) diet, suggesting increased cholesterol transport across the placenta in this group. In women, maternal BMI was associated with fewer inconsistent alterations in gene expression. In summary, sub-optimal maternal nutrition is associated with alterations in the expression of genes associated with cholesterol transport in a rat model. This may contribute to altered fetal development and potentially programme disease risk in later life. Further investigation of human placenta in response to specific dietary interventions is required.

Keywords

Cholesterolmaternal nutritionomegaplacentapregnancy
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 222 - 227
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2019

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