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Effects of combined IUGR and prenatal stress on the development of the hippocampus in a fetal guinea pig model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2017

A. L. Cumberland ,
H. K. Palliser ,
P. Rani ,
D. W. Walker  and
J. J. Hirst
A. L. Cumberland*
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
H. K. Palliser
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
P. Rani
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
D. W. Walker
Affiliation:
Monash Medical Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
J. J. Hirst
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
*
*Address for correspondence: A. L. Cumberland, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and maternal stress during pregnancy are two compromises that negatively impact neurodevelopment and increase the risk of developing later life neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and behavioural disorders. Neurosteroids, particularly allopregnanolone, are important in protecting the developing brain and promoting many essential neurodevelopmental processes. Individually, IUGR and prenatal stress (PS) reduce myelination and neurogenesis within affected fetal brains, however less information is available on the combined effects of these two disorders on the term fetal brain. This study aimed to investigate how IUGR and PS impairs the neurosteroid pathway when combined using a guinea pig model, and how these then disrupt the neurodevelopment of the fetus. Uterine artery blood flow restriction was performed at GA30-35 to induce growth restriction, whilst PS was induced by exposure of the dam to a strobe light during gestation commencing GA40 and repeated every 5 days. Exposure in this model caused reductions in hippocampal CA1 MBP immunostaining of male fetuses in both IUGR alone and IUGR+PS paradigms but only by IUGR in the subcortical white mater, compared with control males. Plasma allopregnanolone was reduced by both stressors irrespective of sex, whereas GFAP or MAP2 expression were not affected by either stressor. Female neurodevelopment, as assessed by these markers, was unimpeded by these compromises. The addition of prenatal stress did not further compound these deficits.

Keywords

allopregnanoloneintrauterine growth restrictionmyelinationneurodevelopmentprenatal stress
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 8 , Issue 5: Themed Issue: Australian Perspectives: Outcomes from the 2016 ANZ , October 2017 , pp. 584 - 596
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2017 

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