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The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2015

J. Gugusheff ,
P. Sim ,
A. Kheng ,
S. Gentili ,
M. Al-Nussairawi ,
J. Brand-Miller  and
B. Muhlhausler
J. Gugusheff
Affiliation:
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
P. Sim
Affiliation:
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
A. Kheng
Affiliation:
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
S. Gentili
Affiliation:
Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
M. Al-Nussairawi
Affiliation:
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
J. Brand-Miller
Affiliation:
Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Australia
B. Muhlhausler*
Affiliation:
FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr B. Muhlhausler, FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. (Email [email protected])
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Abstract

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

Keywords

fat massinsulin resistanceprogramming
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 7 , Issue 3: Themed Issue: Ibero-American DOHaD Society , June 2016 , pp. 320 - 329
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2015 

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