Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T00:53:31.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on milk production, bioenergetic status and indicators of reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2011

Ian Hutchinson ,
Michael J de Veth ,
Catherine Stanton ,
Richard J Dewhurst ,
Pat Lonergan ,
Alex C O Evans  and
Stephen T Butler
Ian Hutchinson
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Michael J de Veth
Affiliation:
BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
Catherine Stanton
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
Richard J Dewhurst
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
Pat Lonergan
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Alex C O Evans
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Stephen T Butler*
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
*
†For correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces mammary milk fat synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Our objective was to determine the effects of lipid-encapsulated CLA (LE-CLA) supplementation on milk production, reproductive performance and metabolic responses in lactating dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet. Seventy-two Holstein-Friesian cows (32 primiparous and 40 multiparous) were used in a completely randomized block design. Cows received either 80 g of LE-CLA daily or 60 g of calcium salts of palm fatty acids daily (control) from parturition until 60 days in milk. LE-CLA contained a 50:50 mix of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, resulting in a daily intake of 6 g of each isomer. Milk production and dry matter intake were recorded daily, and blood samples were collected 3-times a week. Blood samples were analysed for circulating concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Progesterone was measured in blood samples collected after the first post-partum insemination. Ovarian ultrasound examinations commenced at 8–10 d post partum and were carried out 3-times a week until first ovulation. LE-CLA treatment resulted in decreased milk fat concentration, with consequent improvements in energy balance and body condition score (BCS). The peak concentration of NEFA in blood was reduced by LE-CLA, but circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-I, BHBA and progesterone were not affected. There was no effect of LE-CLA supplementation on the post-partum interval to first ovulation. Services per conception tended to be reduced. The reduction in milk energy output and improvement in energy status and BCS in LE-CLA-supplemented cows provides a strong rationale for further studies with greater cow numbers to test effects on reproductive performance.

Keywords

Conjugated linoleic acidreproductionmilk fatenergy balance
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , August 2011 , pp. 308 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauman, DE & Currie, WB 1980 Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: A review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. Journal of Dairy Science 63 1514–1529CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauman, DE & Griinari, JM 2000 Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Production Science 70 15–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumgard, LH, Corl, BA, Dwyer, DA, Saebo, A & Bauman, DE 2000 Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278 R179–184CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumgard, LH, Corl, BA, Dwyer, DA & Bauman, DE 2002a Effects of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on tissue response to homeostatic signals and plasma variables associated with lipid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 80 1285–1293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumgard, LH, Matitashvili, E, Corl, BA, Dwyer, DA & Bauman, DE 2002b Trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid decreases lipogenic rates and expression of genes involved in milk lipid synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85 2155–2163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beam, SW & Butler, WR 1999 Effects of energy balance on follicular development and first ovulation in postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement 54 411Google ScholarPubMed
Bell, AW 1995 Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science 73 2804–2819CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernal-Santos, G, Perfield, JW II, Barbano, DM, Bauman, DE & Overton, TR 2003 Production responses of dairy cows to dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during the transition period and early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 86 3218–3228CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, ST, Pelton, SH & Butler, WR 2004 Insulin increases 17β-estradiol production by the dominant follicle of the first postpartum follicle wave in dairy cows. Reproduction 127 537–545CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castaneda-Gutierrez, E, Overton, TR, Butler, WR & Bauman, DE 2005 Dietary supplements of two doses of calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid during the transition period and early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88 1078–1089CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castaneda-Gutierrez, E, Benefield, BC, de Veth, MJ, Santos, NR, Gilbert, RO, Butler, WR & Bauman, DE 2007 Evaluation of the mechanism of action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid isomers on reproduction in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 4253–4264CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Veth, MJ, Griinari, JM, Pfeiffer, AM & Bauman, DE 2004 Effect of CLA on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows: Comparison of inhibition by methyl esters and free fatty acids, and relationships among studies. Lipids 39 365–372CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Veth, MJ, van Straalen, WM, Koch, W, Keller, T, Hayler, R & Pfeiffer, AM 2005 Effect of CLA dose on milk production in early lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88 220–227Google Scholar
de Veth, MJ, Castaneda-Gutierrez, E, Dwyer, DA, Pfeiffer, AM, Putnam, DE & Bauman, DE 2006 Response to conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows differing in energy and protein status. Journal of Dairy Science 89 4620–4631CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Veth, MJ, Bauman, DE, Koch, W, Mann, GE, Pfeiffer, AM & Butler, WR 2009 Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for improving reproduction: A multi-study analysis in early-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92 2662–2669CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diskin, MG, Mackey, DR, Roche, JR & Sreenan, JM 2003 Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science 78 345–370CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drackley, JK 1999 Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science 82 2259–2273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garverick, HA 1997 Ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 995–1004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grummer, RR 1995 Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science 73 2820–2833CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvatine, KJ, Perfield, JW II & Bauman, DE 2009 Expression of enzymes and key regulators of lipid synthesis is upregulated in adipose tissue during CLA-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 139 849–854CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holtenius, P & Holtenius, K 2007 A model to estimate insulin sensitivity in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 49 29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrige, J 1989 In INRAtion v. 2.7: Microsoft computer program of ration formulation for ruminant livestock. (Eds Agabriel, J, Champciaux, P & Espinasse, C). Dijon, France: CNERTAGoogle Scholar
Kay, JK, Roche, JR, Moore, CE & Baumgard, LH 2006 Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on production and metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows grazing fresh pasture. Journal of Dairy Research 73 367–377CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, JK, Mackle, TR, Bauman, DE, Thomson, NA & Baumgard, LH 2007 Effects of a supplement containing trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on bioenergetic and milk production parameters in grazing dairy cows offered ad libitum or restricted pasture. Journal of Dairy Science 90 721–730CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowman, BG, Scott, N & Somerville, SH 1976 Condition scoring of cattle. East of Scotland College of Agriculture. Bulletin 6 31Google Scholar
Mackle, TR, Kay, JK, Auldist, MJ, McGibbon, AKH, Philpott, BA, Baumgard, LH & Bauman, DE 2003 Effects of abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat concentration and yield from pasture-fed dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86 644–652CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, GE, Lock, AL, Bauman, DE & Kendall, NR 2007 Reproductive function in dairy cows fed a lipid encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid supplement. Journal of Dairy Science 90 401–410Google Scholar
McGuire, MA, Bauman, DE, Dwyer, DA & Cohick, WS 1995 Nutritional modulation of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor system: Response to feed deprivation in lactating cows. Journal of Nutrition 125 493–502Google ScholarPubMed
McNamara, S, Butler, T, Ryan, DP, Mee, JF, Dillon, P, O'Mara, FP, Butler, ST, Anglesey, D, Rath, M & Murphy, JJ 2003 Effect of offering rumen-protected fat supplements on fertility and performance in spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows. Animal Reproduction Science 79 45–56CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moallem, U, Lehrer, H, Zachut, M, Livshitz, L & Yacoby, S 2010 Production performance and pattern of milk fat depression of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid. Animal 4 641–652CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohammed, R, Stanton, CS, Kennelly, JJ, Kramer, JKG, Mee, JF, Glimm, DR, O'Donovan, M & Murphy, JJ 2009 Grazing cows are more efficient than zero-grazed and grass silage-fed cows in milk rumenic acid production. Journal of Dairy Science 92 3874–3893CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, CE, Hafliger, HC, Mendivil, OB, Sanders, SR, Bauman, DE & Baumgard, LH 2004 Increasing amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) progressively reduces milk fat synthesis immediately postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science 87 1886–1895CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Mara, F 1997 A Net Energy System for Cattle and Sheep. Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland: Department of Animal Science and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University College DublinGoogle Scholar
Odens, LJ, Burgos, R, Innocenti, M, VanBaale, MJ & Baumgard, LH 2007 Effects of varying doses of supplemental conjugated linoleic acid on production and energetic variables during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science 90 293–305CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perfield, JW II, Bernal-Santos, G, Overton, TR & Bauman, DE 2002 Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows during established lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 85 2609–2617CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perfield, JW II, Lock, AL, Pfeiffer, AM & Bauman, DE 2004 Effects of amide-protected and lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements on milk fat synthesis. Journal of Dairy Science 87 3010–3016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, JEP, Bilby, TR, Thatcher, WW, Staples, CR & Silvestre, FT 2008 Long chain fatty acids of diet as factors influencing reproduction in cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43 23–30CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savio, JD, Boland, MP, Hynes, N & Roche, JF 1990 Resumption of follicular activity in the early post-partum period of dairy cows. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 88 569–579CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staples, CR, Burke, JM & Thatcher, WW 1998 Influence of supplemental fats on reproductive tissues and performance of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81 856–871CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, VJ, Cheng, Z, Pushpakumara, PGA, Beever, DE & Wathes, DC (2004) Relationships between the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in dairy cows and their fertility and milk yield. Veterinary Record 155 583–588CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed