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Cell function in the bovine mammary gland: a preliminary study on interdependence of healthy and infected udder quarters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2007

Roswitha Merle ,
Anke Schröder  and
Jörn Hamann
Roswitha Merle
Affiliation:
Department of Food Quality and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
Anke Schröder
Affiliation:
Department of Food Quality and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
Jörn Hamann
Affiliation:
Department of Food Quality and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract

Udder defence mechanisms are not completely explained by current mastitis research. The anatomical construction of the udder implies that infection of one udder quarter does not influence the immune status of neighbouring quarters. To test this hypothesis, we compared the immune reactions of individual udder quarters in response to microbial attacks. In the course of immune reactions, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) release oxygen radicals, which can be determined by chemiluminescence (CL). Milk from 140 udder quarters of 36 cows was analysed for somatic cell count (SCC), differential cell count, viability and CL activity. Quarters with an SCC <100000 cells/ml and free of pathogens were defined as uninfected, all other quarters were categorized as infected. Three groups of cows were classified cytologically: group A (healthy, 11 animals, SCC limit <100000 cells/ml); group B (moderate mastitis, 8 cows, SCC [ges ]100000 and <400000 cells/ml in at least one quarter); and group C (severe mastitis, 17 cows, SCC [ges ]400000 cells/ml in at least one quarter). Infected and uninfected quarters in groups B and C were analysed separately. Viability of PMN leucocytes was significantly (P=0·0012) lower in group A (72·6%) than in healthy quarters of group C (84·0%). Lowering the SCC limit of healthy quarters to <50000 cells/ml (group A: all quarters within the udder) revealed striking differences between samples of groups B and C: in addition to varying differential cell counts and viabilities, CL activity of group B<50 (2929 CL units/million PMN) was markedly lower than that of the other groups (5616 in group A<50 and 6445 CL units/million PMN in group C<50). These results allow the conclusion that the infection of one udder quarter influences the cell activity of neighbouring quarters. When the SCC threshold for healthy quarters was reduced to 50000 cells/ml, greater differences in cell activities were detected between healthy udders and healthy quarters of infected udders.

Keywords

Udder defence activitybovine PMNchemiluminescence
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , May 2007 , pp. 174 - 179
Copyright
Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2007

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