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INDIVIDUAL- AND COMMUNITY-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF ANTENATAL HIV TESTING IN ZIMBABWE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2018

Martin Marufu Gazimbi  and
Monica Akinyi Magadi
Martin Marufu Gazimbi*
Affiliation:
School of Education and Social Sciences, University of Hull, UK
Monica Akinyi Magadi
Affiliation:
School of Education and Social Sciences, University of Hull, UK
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

This study contributes to the dialogue on the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) through the use of HIV and antenatal care (ANC) integrated services. The determinants of antenatal HIV testing in Zimbabwe were explored. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to data for 8471 women from 406 clusters who gave birth in the 5 years preceding Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2005/6 and 2010/11. The uptake of antenatal HIV testing was found to be determined by a wide range of individual-level factors relating to women’s economic and demographic status, as well as HIV-related factors, including HIV awareness and stigma within the community. Important individual-level enabling and perceived need factors included high socioeconomic status, not having observed HIV-related stigma and knowledge of HIV status (based on a previous HIV test), such that these groups of individuals had a significantly higher likelihood of being tested for HIV during pregnancy than their counterparts of lower socioeconomic status, and who had observed HIV-related stigma or did not know their HIV status. The results further revealed that community HIV awareness is important for improving antenatal HIV testing, while stigma is associated with reduced testing uptake. Most contextual community-level factors were not found to have much effect on the uptake of antenatal HIV testing. Therefore, policies should focus on individual-level predisposing and enabling factors to improve the uptake of antenatal HIV testing in Zimbabwe.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 51 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 203 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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