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Changes in adiposity and fat tissue distribution among preschool children from Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2021

Magdalena Żegleń ,
Łukasz Kryst Open the ORCID record for Łukasz Kryst [Opens in a new window] ,
Małgorzata Kowal ,
Jan Sobiecki  and
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Magdalena Żegleń
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Łukasz Kryst*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Małgorzata Kowal
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Jan Sobiecki
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

In the light of changes in the living conditions of populations, excess adiposity is currently a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the body fat ratio among preschool children aged 3–7 years from Kraków, Poland, between 2008 and 2018. The study group consisted of children examined in two cross-sectional studies. Analysed characteristics included triceps, calf, subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and adiposity calculated according to Slaughter’s equations. The trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were also calculated. Statistical significance was obtained using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Lower-limb adiposity was largest in the 2008 cohort and trunk adiposity was greater in the 2018 cohort. The mean values of the trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were lower in the 2018 cohort than in the 2008 cohort. The 2018 cohort was also characterized by a lower overall adiposity. Regardless of the lower body adiposity percentage, in 2018 there was a tendency towards the central allocation of fat tissue. This is a negative phenomenon because, especially when co-existing with reduced lower-limb adiposity, it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, even in young children.

Keywords

SkinfoldsAdipositySecular trend
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , March 2022 , pp. 333 - 346
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

#

Jan Sobiecki died on 27th November 2020.

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