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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIV AWARENESS FACTORS, HEALTH FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN ZOMBA DISTRICT, MALAWI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2018

Melissa Ward-Peterson Open the ORCID record for Melissa Ward-Peterson [Opens in a new window] ,
Kristopher Fennie ,
Sarah Baird ,
Stefany Coxe ,
Mary Jo Trepka  and
Purnima Madhivanan
Melissa Ward-Peterson*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Kristopher Fennie
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Sarah Baird
Affiliation:
Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Stefany Coxe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Mary Jo Trepka
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Purnima Madhivanan
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

The objective of this study was to examine the association between multilevel factors related to HIV awareness and risky sexual behaviour among young women in Zomba district, Malawi. Secondary analyses of the Schooling, Income, and Health Risk (SIHR) study were undertaken. Four outcomes related to risky sexual behaviour were examined among young women: if participants had ever had sex, consistent condom use and two scores measuring risk related to partner history and age during sexual activity. Independent variables included individual-level factors such as education and rural/urban residence, as well as higher-level factors such as household’s highest level of education and health facility characteristics. Regression models with cluster-robust standard errors and multilevel regression models were used to estimate associations; analyses were stratified into two strata by school enrolment status, i.e. whether the women were in school (N=1407) or had dropped out of school (N=407) at baseline of the SIHR study. For both strata, increasing age and residing within 16 km of an urban centre (‘near rural’ residence) increased the odds of ever having sex; lower educational achievement was associated with lower age during sexual activity. A history of pregnancy was associated with lower odds of condom use and riskier partner history. For women in school at baseline, lower household education was associated with higher odds of ever having sex (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.07); near-rural and far-rural (≤16 km and >16km from urban centre, respectively) residence were associated with decreased odds of condom use (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.78; and OR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.65, respectively). For those not in school at baseline, lower household education was associated with lower age during sexual activity (β=0.31, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.58). Also for women not in school, the use of private or non-governmental health facilities was associated with decreased odds of condom use (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.67) and higher age during sexual activity (β=−0.30, 95% CI: −0.52, −0.09). While individual factors were associated with risky sexual behaviour in both strata, contextual factors differed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 50 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 853 - 867
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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