Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T15:29:23.029Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Multiple births in Australia, 1944–63

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

G. N. Pollard
Affiliation:
School of Economic and Financial Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Summary

From statistics on Australian confinements during the period 1944–63 it seems that the following conclusions can legitimately be drawn:

(1) The proportion of multiple births increases with increasing age of mother up to about age 37, turns, and decreases thereafter.

(2) The proportion of multiple births increases with increasing age of father up to about age 34–38 and is fairly constant thereafter.

(3) The variation with age of father, however, only arises because of the high correlation with age of mother which is the determining factor.

(4) The proportion of multiple confinements increases with birth order. This effect holds for all ages of mother except those over 40 where there is no significant variation.

(5) The proportion of multiple confinements decreases from the first year of marriage to the second, then increases steadily to a maximum after about 15 years of marriage and then decreases slightly.

(6) The proportion of binovular twins increases steadily with increasing age of mother up to about age 37, turns, and thereafter decreases steadily.

(7) The proportion of monovular twins increases slightly with increasing age of mother up to about age 37 and is fairly constant thereafter.

(8) From the small amount of data it appears that the proportion of triplets also increases with increasing age of mother.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bulmer, M.G. (1958a) The numbers of human multiple births. Ann. hum. Genet. 22, 158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulmer, M.G. (1958b) The repeat frequency of twinning. Ann. hum. Genet. 23, 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulmer, M.G. (1959a) Twinning rate in Europe during the war. Br. med. J. ii, 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulmer, M.G. (1959b) The effect of parental age, parity and duration of marriage on the twinning rate. Ann. hum. Genet. 23, 454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulmer, M.G. (1960a) The familial incidence of twinning. Ann. hum. Genet. 24, 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulmer, M.G. (1960b) The twinning rate in Europe and Africa. Ann. hum. Genet. 24, 121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahlberg, G. (1926) Twin Births and Twins from a Hereditary Point of View. A.B. Tidens Tryckeri, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Enders, T. & Stern, C. (1948) Frequencies of twins relative to age of mothers in American populations. Genetics, 33, 263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greulich, W.W. (1930) The incidence of human multiple births. Am. Nat. 64, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greulich, W.W. (1934) Heredity in human twinning. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 19, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guttmacher, A.F. (1953) The incidence of multiple births in man and some of the other unipara. Obstet. Gynec., N.Y. 2, 22.Google ScholarPubMed
Hellin, D. (1895) Die Ursache der Multiparität der Uniparen Tiere überhaupt und der Zwillings-schwangerschaft beim Menschen insbesondere. München.Google Scholar
Inouye, E. (1957) Frequency of multiple births in three cities of Japan. Am. J. hum. Genet. 9, 317.Google ScholarPubMed
Jeanneret, O. & MacMahon, B. (1962) Secular changes in rates of multiple births in the United States. Am. J. hum. Genet. 14, 410.Google ScholarPubMed
Knibbs, G.H. (1917) Mathematical Theory of Population. Supplement to Census of Commonwealth of Australia, 1911.Google Scholar
Knibbs, G.H. (1925) Multiple births, their characteristics and laws mathematically considered. J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W. 59, 128.Google Scholar
Knibbs, G.H. (1927a) Rigorous analysis of the phenomena of multiple births. J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W. 61, 190.Google Scholar
Knibbs, G.H. (1927b) Proof of the laws of twin births. J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W. 61, 347.Google Scholar
Komai, T. & Fukoka, G. (1936) Frequency of multiple births among the Japanese and related people. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 21, 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilienfeld, A.M. & Pasamanick, B. (1955) A study of variations in frequency of twin births by race and socio-economic status. Am. J. hum. Genet. 7, 204.Google ScholarPubMed
McArthur, N. (1952) A statistical study of human twinning. Ann. Eugen. 16, 338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McArthur, N. (1953a) Statistics of twin births in Italy 1949 and 1950. Ann. Eugen. 17, 249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McArthur, N. (1953b) The frequency of monovular and binovular twin births in Italy 1949–50. Acta Genet. med. Gemell. 2, 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, N. (1953c) Genetics of Twinning. A critical summary of the literature. A.N.U. Social Science Monographs, No. 1. Canberra.Google Scholar
McArthur, N. (1954a) The relative aetiological effects of maternal age and parity in binovular twinning. Ann. Eugen. 18, 203.Google ScholarPubMed
McArthur, N. (1954b) Changes in twin frequencies. Acta Genet. med. Gemell. 3, 16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millis, J. (1959) The frequency of twinning in poor Chinese in the Maternity Hospital Singapore. Ann. hum. Genet. 23, 171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newman, H.H. (1940) Multiple Human Births. Doubleday, Doran, New York.Google Scholar
Parkes, A.S. (1969) Multiple births in man. J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 6, 105.Google Scholar
Stern, C. (1960) Principles of Human Genetics, 2nd edn.Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Stocks, P. (1952) Recent statistics of multiple births in England and Wales. Acta Genet. med. Gemell. 1, 8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stocks, P. (1953) Multiple birth frequency according to parity and maternal age. Acta Genet. med. Gemell. 2, 113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strandskov, H.H. (1945) Multiple birth confinement frequencies in the U.S. birth registration area from 1922–36 inclusive. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 3 (n.s.), 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strandskov, H.H. & Edelen, E.W. (1946) Monozygotic and dizygotic twin birth frequencies in the total, the ‘white’ and the ‘coloured’ U.S. populations. Genetics, 31, 438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, W. (1901) Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Mehrlingsgeburten beim Menschen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 88, 346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, W. (1909) Die Anlage zur Mehrlingsgeburt beim Menschen und ihre Vererbung. Arch. Rass.-u. GesBiol. 6, 332.Google Scholar
Weinberg, W. (1927) Vererbung bei Eineizwillingen. Verh. int. Kongr. Vererbungsw., Berlin.Google Scholar
Weinberg, W. (1934) Differenzmethode und Geburtenfolge bei Zwillingen. Genetica, 16, 384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yerushalmy, J. & Sheerar, S.E. (1940) Studies on twins. Hum. Biol. 12, 95.Google Scholar
Zeleny, C. (1921) The relative numbers of twins and triplets. Science, N. Y. 53 (n.s.), 262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed