Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2011
It is not wrong to say that the nature and intent of a society reveal themselves in the legal and customary concepts of property held by the various members and classes of that society. These property concepts do not change without an incipient or fundamental change in the nature of the society itself. The history of property relations in a given society is thus, in a way, the history of the society itself.
1 Noboru, Niida, Chūgoku no nōson kazoku [The Village Family of China] (Tokyo, 1952), pp. 4–5.Google Scholar
2 On these terms, see Hoang, Pierre, Notions techniques sur la propriété en Chine (Shanghai, 1897), pp. 5f.Google Scholar
3 Cf. Noboru, Niida, Tōsō hōritsu monjo no kenkyū (The Critical Study on Legal Documents of the T'ang and Sung Eras) (Tokyo, 1937), pp. 116–117Google Scholar; cf., also, Noboru, Niida, “Kan-gi-rikuchō ni okeru tochi baibai monjo no sobyō” [“Sketch of Land Sale Documents in the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties (Period)”], Rekishigaku kenkyū, VI (1936), 71.Google Scholar
4 Sung Yüan hua-pen-chi (Peking, 1955), pp. 89–95.Google Scholar
5 See Tōsō hōritsu monjo no kenkyū, pp. 558–559.Google Scholar
6 See Tōsō hōritsu monjo no kenkyū, p. 114.Google Scholar
7 The actual text was not available to me; I quote from Tōsō hōritsu monjo no kenkyū, p. 574.Google Scholar
8 See Yūan-shih shih-fan (Chih-pu-tsu-chai ts'ung-shu ed., ts'e 106), 1.10b–11a.
9 Noboru, Niida, Chūgoku hōseishi [History of Chinese Law] (Tokyo, 1952), p. 230.Google Scholar
10 For text, see Noboru, Niida, Tōrei shūi (Tokyo, 1933), p. 245.Google Scholar
11 Eberhard states that the figure varied between 4.8 and 5.5 individuals per household for the last two millenia; see Eberhard, Wolfram, “Bemerkungen zu den statistischen Angaben der Han-Zeit,” TP, XXXVI (1941), 4.Google Scholar
12 Cf. Schacht, Joseph, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford, 1950), pp. 201f.Google Scholar
13 Ch'ing-ming chi (Hsü Ku-i ts'ung-shu ed., ta'e 4), 167aGoogle Scholar; Yüan tien-chang, 19.21a.
14 Ch'ing-ming chi (ts'e 4), 73f.Google Scholar
15 Cf. Chūgoku hōseishi, pp. 314–315.Google Scholar
16 Jamieson, G., Chinese Family and Commercial Law (Shanghai, 1921), pp. 99–100.Google Scholar
17 Personal information derived from western Afghanistan.