Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:48:14.251Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Knowledge, Power, and Racial Classifications: The “Japanese” in “Manchuria”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Mariko Asano Tamanoi
Get access

Extract

Was knowledge always the basis of colonial power? If so, were colonial rulers invariably confident of the accuracy of their knowledge? Among the Victorian British, for example, there was widespread agreement that India could be known and represented as a series of facts (Cohn 1996, 4). Based on this agreement, the British colonial officials, missionaries, and entrepreneurs tried to demonstrate their power through what Bernard Cohn calls “officializing procedures”: counting, gathering, characterizing, ordering, and classifying the populations and their attributes in India. Such procedures offered numerous agents of colonization “seemingly immense culture-defining capacity” (Cooper and Stoler 1989, 609). Yet, their power was “never so omniscient nor secure to imagine itself as totalizing” (Dirks 1992, 7). Their insecurity may have been the result of their incomplete knowledge or even ignorance.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , May 2000 , pp. 248 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Asad, Talal. 1994. “Ethnographic Representation, Statistics and Modern Power.” Social Research 61(1):55–88.Google Scholar
Shinzō., Araragi 1994. Manshū imin no rekishi shakaigaku. Kyoto: Kōro-sha.Google Scholar
Bakich, Olga. 2000. “Émigré Identity: The Case of Harbin.” South Atlantic Quarterly (forthcoming).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertland, Gabrielle. 1937. Seule dans I’Asie troublee: Mandchoukou-Mongolie, 1936–37. Paris: Plon.Google Scholar
Brooks, Barbara. 1998. “Peopling the Japanese Empire: The Koreans in Manchuria and the Rhetoric of Inclusion.” In Japan’s Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy 1900–1930, edited by Sharon, A.Minichiello. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Carter, Paul. 1987. The Road to Botany Bay. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Casey, Edward S. 1987. Remembering: A Phenomenological Study. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Chi-Hsien. 1936. “Japan Stops Chinese Migration to Manchuria.” Information Bulletin 1(4): 1–23.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard. 1980. “History and Anthropology: The State of Play.” Comparative Study of Society and History 22(2): 198–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Bernard. 1996. Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cooper, Fredrick, and Stoler., Ann 1989. “Tensions of Empire: Colonial Control and Visions of Rule.” American Ethnologist 16(4):609–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coox, Alvin D. 1989. “The Kwantung Army Dimension.” In The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895–1937, edited by Duus, Peter, Myers, Ramon H., and Peattie, Mark R.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dai, Harubin An’nai-Sha, ed. 1933. Dai harubin an’nai. Harbin: Dai Harubin An'nai-sha.Google Scholar
Dirks, Nicholas B. 1992. “Introduction: Colonialism and Culture.” In Colonialism and Culture, edited by Dirks, Nicholas B.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doak, Kevin M. 1997. “What Is a Nation and Who Belongs? National Narratives and the Ethnic Imagination in Twentieth-Century Japan.” American Historical Review 102:2:283–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dower, John W. 1986. War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 1997. “Transnationalism and the Predicament of Sovereignty: China, 1900–1945.” American Historical Review 102:4:1030–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 1998. “Why is History Antitheoretical?” Modern China 24:2:105–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durkeheim, Emile, and Mauss., Marcel 1963. Primitive Classification. Translated by Needham, Rodney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Duus, Peter. 1989. “Introduction: Japan’s Informal Empire in China, 1895–1937: Overview.” In The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895–1937, edited by Duus, Peter, Myers, Ramon H., and Peattie, Mark R.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, Joshua. 1995. The Cultural Dimension in Sino-japanese Relations: Essays on The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Gottschang, Thomas R. 1987. “Economic Change, Disasters, and Migration: The Historical Case of Manchuria.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 35(3):46l–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ken’ichirō., Hirano 1972. “Manshūkoku kyōwa-kai no seiji-teki tenkai.” Nenpō Seijigaku 231–83.Google Scholar
Nobuo., Hyūga 1964. “Dai-hachigō tentetsu-ki.” In Showa sensō bungaku zenshū, vol. 1, edited by Agawa, Hiroyuki, et al. Tokyo: Shūei-sha.Google Scholar
Ichihashi, Yamato. 1931. “International Migration of the Japanese.” In International Migrations. Vol. 2, Interpretations, edited by Willcox, Walter F.. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Magoroku., Ide 1993. Man-mō no ken’eki to kaitaku-dan no higeki. Tokyo: Iwanami.Google Scholar
Santarō., Izumi 1971. “Yakusha atogaki.” In Isho, by Minato, Morisaki. Tokyo: Tosho Shuppan-sha.Google Scholar
Janhunen, Juha. 1996. Manchuria: An Ethnic History. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar
Minato., Kawamura 1990. Ikyō no shōwa bungaku: manshū to kindai nippon. Tokyo: Iwanami Shinsho.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Dane. 1987. Islands of White: Settler Society and Culture in Kenya and Southern Rhodesia, 1890–1939. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Kokumin, Jitsugyō-Bu sangyō Chōsa-Kyoku. 1936. Nōson jittai chōsa hōkoku-sho. Shinkyo: Kokumin Jitsugyō-bu Sangyō Chōsa-kyoku.Google Scholar
Lahusen, Thomas. 1998. “A Place Called Harbin: Reflections on a Centennial.” China Quarterly 154: 400–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lattimore, Owen. 1935. Manchuria: Cradle of Conflict. New York: The Macmillan Co.Google Scholar
Manshū, Jijō An’nai-Jo, ed. 1938. Manshōkoku no genjū minzoku. Shinkyo: Manshū Jijō An’nai-jo.Google Scholar
Manshō, Teikoku Seifu. 1969. Manshū kenkoku jūnen-shi, edited by Seijirō, Takigawa and Shinkichi, Etō. Tokyo: Hara Shobō.Google Scholar
Manshūkoku-Shi, Hensan Kankō-Kai, ed. 1970. Manshūkoku-shi: sōron. Tokyo: Manshōkoku-shi Hensan Kankō-kai.Google Scholar
Ken'ichi, Matsumoto 1988. Shōwa ni shisu: Morisaki Minato to Ozawa Kaisaku. Tokyo. Shinchō-sha.Google Scholar
McCormack, Gavan. 1977. Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 1911–1928: China, Japan, and the Manchurian Idea. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
McCormack, Gavan. 1997. “Kokusaika: Impediments in Japan’s Deep Structure.” In Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Post-modern, edited by Denoon, Donald, et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Setsu., Mizoguchi 1997. Harubin nippon-jin jogakko. Tokyo: Ima Harubin o Kataru-Kai.Google Scholar
Minato., Morisaki 1971. Isho. Tokyo: Tosho Shuppan-sha.Google Scholar
Myers, Ramon H. 1989. “Japanese Imperialism in Manchuria: The South Manchuria Railway Company, 1906–33.” In The Japanese Informal Empire, 1895–1937, edited by Duus, Peter, Myers, Ramon H., and Peattie, Mark R.. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Needham, Rodney. 1963. “Introduction.” In Primitive Classification, by Durkheim, Emile and Mauss, Marcel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Oakes, Timothy. 1997. “Place and the Paradox of Modernity.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87(3):509–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okabe, Makio, ed. 1991. Manshūimin kankei shiryō shūsei. Vol. 11. Tokyo: Fuji Shuppan.Google Scholar
Okabe, Makio, ed. 1992. Manshū imin kankei shiryō shūsei. Vol. 31. Tokyo: Fuji Shuppan.Google Scholar
Ortner, Sherry. 1984. “Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties.” Comparative Study of Society and History 26:1:126–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chikamitsu., Ozawa 1976. Hishi: Manshūkoku-gun, nikkei gunkan no yakuwari. Tokyo: Kashiwa Shobō.Google Scholar
Peattie, Mark R. 1984. “Introduction.” In The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945, edited by Myers, Ramon H. and Peattie, Mark R.. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pletch, Carl. 1981. “The Three Worlds, or the Division of Social Scientific Labor, circa 1950–1975.” Comparative Study of Society and History 23(4):565–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafael, Vicente L. 1992. “Confession, Conversion, and Reciprocity in Early Tagalog Colonial Society.” In Colonialism and Culture, edited by Dirks, Nicholas B.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Tatsuru., Sakai 1994. “Kenkoku jinbyō to kenkoku chūreibyō no sōken.” Shintō Shūkyō 156: 26–62.Google Scholar
Kensaku., Shimaki 1940. Manshū kikō. Tokyo: Sōgensha.Google Scholar
Stephan, John. 1997. “Hijacked by Utopia: American Nikkei in Manchuria.” Amerasia 23(3): 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoler, Ann. 1992. “Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule.” In Colonialism and Culture, edited by Dirks, Nicholas B.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann. 1995. Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra’s Plantation Belt, 1870–1979. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haru., Sugiyama 1996. Manshū jojuku. Tokyo: Shinchō-sha.Google Scholar
Yat-Sen., Sun 1953. San min chu i: The Three Principles of the People. Taipei: China Cultural Service.Google Scholar
Tamanoi, Mariko Asano. 1998. Under the Shadow of Nationalism: Politics and Poetics of Rural Japanese Women. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Tamanoi, Mariko Asano. 2000. “A Road to ’a Redeemed Mankind’: The Politics of Memory among the Former Japanese Peasant Settlers in Manchuria.” South Atlantic Quarterly (forthcoming).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, Stefan. 1993. Japan’s Orient: Rendering Pasts into History. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kenkyū-Jo, Tōa Jikyoku. 1933a, b. Dai manshūkoku. Vols. 1 and 2. Tokyo: Tōa Jikyoku Kenkyū-jo.Google Scholar
Kyōsuke., Ueda 1928. Shinchō jidai no manshū yori genjō made. Tokyo: Tōa Kenkyū-kai.Google Scholar
Haruko., Ushijima 1964. “Shuku to iu otoko.” In Shōwa sensō bungaku zenshū. Vol. 1, edited by Agawa, Hiroyuki, et al. Tokyo: Shūei-sha.Google Scholar
Weiner, Michael. 1995. “Discourses of Race, Nation and Empire in pre-1945 Japan.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 18(3):433–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wllson, Sandra. 1995. “The ’New Paradise’: Japanese Emigration to Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s.” The International History Review 17(2):221–40.Google Scholar
Yoshiko, Yamaguchi and Sakuya., Fujiwara 1990. Ri Koran: watashi no hansei. Tokyo: Shinchō Bunko.Google Scholar
Shin’ichi., Yamamuro 1993. Chimera: Manshūkoku no shōzō. Tokyo: Iwanami Shinsho.Google Scholar
Yamanaka, Keiko. 1997. “Return Migration of Japanese-Brazilians to Japan: The Nikkeijin as Ethnic Minority and Political Construct.” Diaspora 5(1):65–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitsue., Yokozeki 1990. Showa: on’na o ikiru. Nagano: Ginga Shobo.Google Scholar
Young, Louise. 1996. “Imagined Empire: The Cultural Construction of Manchukuo.” In The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931–1945, edited by Duus, Peter, Myers, Ramon H., and Peattie, Mark R.. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Young, Louise. 1998. Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Manzō, Yuji, ed. 1981. Kenkoku daigaku nenpyō. Tokyo: Kenkoku Daigaku Dōsō-kai.Google Scholar