Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T20:47:03.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Islamic Reform, the Family, and Knowledge Networks Linking Mecca to Southeast Asia in the Nineteenth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2014

Get access

Abstract

Through a study of over 1,300 previously unanalyzed Malay Islamic manuscripts, this article examines the role of the Patani community in the construction of transoceanic knowledge networks between Mecca and Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century. Set against the backdrop of the destruction of prevailing symbols of authority, as well as the displacement and scattering of the community after 1200/1786, the present study investigates the manner by which scholars established new cultural unities for the community and addressed social concerns by translating and spreading Islamic writings, teachings, and schools. With its spiritual leadership centered now in Mecca, influential members of the community began producing works that were contingent upon political circumstances, but also directed at the problems facing the refugee community. Of foremost importance were the place and definition of the family, and related issues such as inheritance, divorce, and visible social actions, including ritual purity, fasting, almsgiving, and criminal punishments.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

[1839]—History of Patani: A Kingdom on the East Coast of the Peninsula of Malacca, Near the Siam Boundary [Hikayat Patani]. Singapore: Copied by Abdullah ben Abdulkadir, 1839.Google Scholar
17—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir Faṭānī, 1311/1894.Google Scholar
65—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Ismā‘īl, undated, in Mecca.Google Scholar
75B—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Lebai Imān of Kota Bharu, 1224/1809, in [Mecca].Google Scholar
144B—Hal al-Zill, copied by ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf bin al-‘Usūrī, undated.Google Scholar
158—‘Aqidat al-awwam min wajibat fi al-din bil-tamam [The doctrine of precise religious duties], copied by Muḥammad Zayn, 1261/1845.Google Scholar
391—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
729—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], written by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, undated.Google Scholar
123—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1299/1882, in Mecca.Google Scholar
161—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by ‘Abd al-Malik Tarkānū, 1239/1823, in Medina.Google Scholar
181—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Hajji Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, 1296/1878.Google Scholar
231—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1296/1879, in Mecca.Google Scholar
456—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by Muḥammad bin Encik Putih, 1267/1851, in Patani.Google Scholar
470—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Ibraḥīm bin Hassan Faṭānī, 1260/1844, in Mecca.Google Scholar
530—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Dā’ūd bin Muḥammad Kelantan, 1281/1864, in Mecca.Google Scholar
547B—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], copied by Encik ‘Abd al-Karīm bin Encik ‘Abd Allāh Faṭānī, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
781(1)—Khalaq al-Samawāti wa al-Arḍ [Creator of the heavens and the earth], copied by ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, undated, in Kelantan.Google Scholar
1147—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Saman Faṭānī, 1289/1873, in Mecca.Google Scholar
1256—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495A—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495B—[Kitab sifat dua puluh] [Book on the twenty attributes], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1495C—[Kayfiyyah membaca selawat Nabi Muhammad] [How to recite the prayers of the prophet Muhammad], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1502—Ghāyat al-Āfrāḥ li-man Yatawalla al-Ankāḥ, undated.Google Scholar
1690—[Tarjuman al-Mustafid] [The interpreter of that which gives benefit], copied by Hajji Ibraḥīm bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Faṭānī, 1235/1820.Google Scholar
2014—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1236/1821, in Kampung Lengkandi, Patani.Google Scholar
2270B— Durr al-Farā’iḍ bi Sharh al-‘Aqā’id [The pearls of laws in the explanation of beliefs], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1257/1841.Google Scholar
2338—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-'Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1268/1851, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2400A—Muqaddimat al-Mubtadin, copied by Muḥammad Amīn bin Lebai Isḥāq Faṭānī, 1245/1830.Google Scholar
2410—Sīrat al-Mustaqīm [Biography of the righteous], copied by Harun Faṭānī, 1261/1845, in Canak.Google Scholar
2419—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Aḥmad bin ‘Abū Bakr, 1237/1821, in Yala.Google Scholar
2541—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Min bin Encik Ḥamīd Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
2545—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Imam ‘Abd al-Ṣamad, 1236/1820, in Kampung Laut, Satun.Google Scholar
2566—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1244/1828, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2764—Al-Jawāhir al-Saniyyah fī Sharḥ al-‘Aqā‘id al-Dīniyyah wa Aḥkām al-Fiqh al-Marḍiyyah wa Ṭarīq al-Sulūk al-Muḥammadiyyah [Joyful jewels in the explanation of the religious dogma in the satisfactory laws of jurisprudence and the path of Muhammad's precedent], copied by Muḥammad Zayn al-Faṭānī, 1270/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2959—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Sani Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
Faṭāniī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.a. Furū‘ al-Masā‘il wa Uṣūl al-Masā‘il. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Faṭānī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.b. Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Faṭānī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.c. Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadī. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Nieuhoff, John. 1704. “Mr. John Nieuhoff's Remarkable Voyages and Travels into Brazil, and the Best Parts of the East-Indies.” In A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, vol. 2. London: Printed for Awnsham and John Churchill, at the Black Swan in Pater-Nester-Row.Google Scholar
Teeuw, A., and Wyatt, D. K.. 1970. Hikayat Patani: The Story of Patani. Bibliotheca Indonesica, 5. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Toua Thao. n.d. Unpublished translation of “Phongsawadan Muang Pattani” [Chronicle of Patani]. In Prachum Phongsawadan, Phak thi Sam [Collected chronicles, part 3]. Bangkok: Thai Printing House, [1914].Google Scholar
Ong, Aihwa and Peletz, Michael G., eds. 1995. Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Andaya, Barbara Watson. 2000. Other Pasts: Women, Gender and History in Early Modern Southeast Asia. Honolulu: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa.Google Scholar
Attas, Muhammad Naquib al-. 1963. Some Aspects of Sufism as Understood and Practiced among the Malays. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.Google Scholar
Awang, Ismail. 2007. “Pak Cu Him Gajah Mati (1894–1968).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama’ Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 2, 2nd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che, 107–16. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Azra, Azyumardi. 2004. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern ‘Ulamā’ in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Asian Studies Association of Australia, Southeast Asia Publications Series. Honolulu: Allen & Unwin and University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Bassett, D. K. 1969. “Changes in the Pattern of Malay Politics, 1629–c. 1655.” Journal of Southeast Asian History 10(3):429–52.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Anne M. 2010. Locations of Buddhism: Colonialism and Modernity in Sri Lanka. Buddhism and Modernity series, ed. Lopez, Donald S. Jr.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R. 2009. “Moral Order in a Time of Damnation: The Hikayat Patani in Historical Context.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40(2):267–93.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R.. 2010. “The Social Dynamics of Islamic Revivalism in Southeast Asia: The Rise of the Patani School, 1785–1909.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R.. 2012. “Siam's Conquest of Patani and the End of Mandala Relations, 1786–1838.” In Struggle for Patani's Past: History Writing and the Conflict in Southern Thailand, ed. Jory, Patrick. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Google Scholar
Bruinessen, Martin van. 1995. Kitab Kuning: Pesantren dan Tarekat; Tradisi-tradisi Islam di Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan.Google Scholar
Cherian, A. 1969. “The Genesis of Islam on Malabar.” Indica 6(1):113.Google Scholar
Cummings, W. 1998. “The Melaka Malay Diaspora in Makassar, c. 1500–1669.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 71(1):106–21.Google Scholar
Daud, Ismail Che. 2001a. “Syaikh Nik Dir Patani (1829–1898).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama’ Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 1, 3rd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Daud, Ismail Che. 2001b. “Syaikh Nik Mat Kechik Patani (1844–1915).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama' Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 1, 3rd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che, 189204. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Day, Tony. 2002. Fluid Iron: State Formation in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Fatani, Ahmad Fathy al-. 2002. Ulama Besar dari Patani. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Google Scholar
Feener, R. Michael. 2010. “New Networks and New Knowledge: Migrations, Communications and the Refiguration of the Muslim Community in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.” In The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 6, ed. Hefner, Robert, 3968. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forbes, Andrew D. W. 1981. “Southern Arabia and the Islamicisation of the Central Indian Ocean Archipelagoes.” Archipel 21:5592.Google Scholar
Forbes, Andrew D. W.. 1983. “Thailand's Muslim Minorities: Assimilation, Secession, or Coexistence?” Asian Survey 22(11):1056–73.Google Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2006. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hourani, Albert. 1962. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Johns, A. H. 1978. “Friends in Grace: Ibrahīm al-Kūrānī and ‘Abd al-Ra‘uf al-Singkeli.” In Spectrum: Essays Presented to Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana on His Seventieth Birthday, ed. Udin, S.. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat.Google Scholar
Johns, A. H.. 1984. “Islam in the Malay World: An Exploratory Survey with Some References to Quranic Exegesis.” In Islam in Asia, vol. 2: Southeast and East Asia, eds. Israeli, Raphael and Johns, Anthony H.. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.Google Scholar
Laffan, Michael Francis. 2003. Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma below the Winds. SOAS/Routledge Studies on the Middle East series, eds. Fortna, Benjamin C. and Freitag, Ulrike. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Laoust, Henri. 1939. Essai sur les Doctrines Sociales et Politiques de Taḳī-d-dīn Aḥmad b. Taimiyya: Canoniste Ḥanbalite né à Ḥarrān en 661/1262, mort à Damas en 728/1328. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale.Google Scholar
Matheson, Virginia, and Hooker, M. B.. 1988. “Jawi Literature in Patani: The Maintenance of an Islamic Tradition.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 61(1):186.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Barbara Daly. 1982. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Roland E. 1992. Mappila Muslims of Kerala: A Study in Islamic Trends. Rev. ed. Madras: Orient Longman.Google Scholar
Mills, J. V. 1930. “Eredia's Description of Malaca, Meridonial India, and Cathay, Translated from the Portuguese with Notes.” Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 8(1): 1288.Google Scholar
Neelis, Jason. 2011. Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Proudfoot, Ian. 1993. Early Malay Printed Books: A Provisional Account of Materials Published in the Singapore-Malaysia Area up to 1920, Noting Holdings in Major Public Collections. Kuala Lumpur: Academy of Malay Studies and the Library, University of Malaya.Google Scholar
Rahman, Mohd. Zain Abd. 2002. “New Lights on the Life and Works of Shaikh Dawud al-Fattani.” Studia Islamika 90(3):83117.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 1983. “The Rise of Makassar.” Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 17:117–60.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 1988–93. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. 2 vols. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Riddell, Peter. 1990. Transferring a Tradition: ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Singkilī's Rendering into Malay of the Jalālayn Commentary. Monograph Series, no. 31. Berkeley: Centers for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Riddell, Peter. 2001. Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Snouck Hurgronje, C. 1906. The Achehnese. 2 vols. Translated by O'Sullivan, A. W. S. with an index by Wilkinson, R. J.. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Snouck Hurgronje, C.. 1931. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning; The Moslims of the East-Indian-Archipelago. Translated by Monahan, J. H.. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Suhrke, Astri. 1977. “Loyalists and Separatists: The Muslims in Southern Thailand.” Asian Survey 17(3):237–50.Google Scholar
Thongchai, Winichakul. 1994. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Tweed, Thomas A. 2002. “On Moving Across: Translocative Religion and the Interpreter's Position.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 70(2):253–77.Google Scholar
Tweed, Thomas A.. 2006. Crossing and Dwelling: A Theory of Religion. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vakily, Abdollah. 1997. “Sufism, Power Politics, and Reform: Al-Rānīrī’s Opposition to Hamzah al-Fansūrī Teachings Reconsidered.” Studia Islamika 4(1):113–15.Google Scholar
Vásquez, Manuel A. 2008. “Studying Religion in Motion: A Networks Approach.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 20(2):151–84.Google Scholar
Voll, John Obert. 1994. Islam: Continuity and Change. 2nd ed.Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Winstedt, R. O. 1917. “The Advent of Muhammadanism in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 77:171–75.Google Scholar
Winstedt, R. O.. 1939. “A History of Malay Literature.” Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 17(1).Google Scholar
[1839]—History of Patani: A Kingdom on the East Coast of the Peninsula of Malacca, Near the Siam Boundary [Hikayat Patani]. Singapore: Copied by Abdullah ben Abdulkadir, 1839.Google Scholar
17—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir Faṭānī, 1311/1894.Google Scholar
65—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Ismā‘īl, undated, in Mecca.Google Scholar
75B—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Lebai Imān of Kota Bharu, 1224/1809, in [Mecca].Google Scholar
144B—Hal al-Zill, copied by ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf bin al-‘Usūrī, undated.Google Scholar
158—‘Aqidat al-awwam min wajibat fi al-din bil-tamam [The doctrine of precise religious duties], copied by Muḥammad Zayn, 1261/1845.Google Scholar
391—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
729—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], written by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, undated.Google Scholar
123—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1299/1882, in Mecca.Google Scholar
161—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by ‘Abd al-Malik Tarkānū, 1239/1823, in Medina.Google Scholar
181—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Hajji Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, 1296/1878.Google Scholar
231—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1296/1879, in Mecca.Google Scholar
456—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by Muḥammad bin Encik Putih, 1267/1851, in Patani.Google Scholar
470—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Ibraḥīm bin Hassan Faṭānī, 1260/1844, in Mecca.Google Scholar
530—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Dā’ūd bin Muḥammad Kelantan, 1281/1864, in Mecca.Google Scholar
547B—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], copied by Encik ‘Abd al-Karīm bin Encik ‘Abd Allāh Faṭānī, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
781(1)—Khalaq al-Samawāti wa al-Arḍ [Creator of the heavens and the earth], copied by ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, undated, in Kelantan.Google Scholar
1147—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Saman Faṭānī, 1289/1873, in Mecca.Google Scholar
1256—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495A—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495B—[Kitab sifat dua puluh] [Book on the twenty attributes], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1495C—[Kayfiyyah membaca selawat Nabi Muhammad] [How to recite the prayers of the prophet Muhammad], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1502—Ghāyat al-Āfrāḥ li-man Yatawalla al-Ankāḥ, undated.Google Scholar
1690—[Tarjuman al-Mustafid] [The interpreter of that which gives benefit], copied by Hajji Ibraḥīm bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Faṭānī, 1235/1820.Google Scholar
2014—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1236/1821, in Kampung Lengkandi, Patani.Google Scholar
2270B— Durr al-Farā’iḍ bi Sharh al-‘Aqā’id [The pearls of laws in the explanation of beliefs], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1257/1841.Google Scholar
2338—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-'Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1268/1851, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2400A—Muqaddimat al-Mubtadin, copied by Muḥammad Amīn bin Lebai Isḥāq Faṭānī, 1245/1830.Google Scholar
2410—Sīrat al-Mustaqīm [Biography of the righteous], copied by Harun Faṭānī, 1261/1845, in Canak.Google Scholar
2419—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Aḥmad bin ‘Abū Bakr, 1237/1821, in Yala.Google Scholar
2541—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Min bin Encik Ḥamīd Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
2545—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Imam ‘Abd al-Ṣamad, 1236/1820, in Kampung Laut, Satun.Google Scholar
2566—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1244/1828, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2764—Al-Jawāhir al-Saniyyah fī Sharḥ al-‘Aqā‘id al-Dīniyyah wa Aḥkām al-Fiqh al-Marḍiyyah wa Ṭarīq al-Sulūk al-Muḥammadiyyah [Joyful jewels in the explanation of the religious dogma in the satisfactory laws of jurisprudence and the path of Muhammad's precedent], copied by Muḥammad Zayn al-Faṭānī, 1270/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2959—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Sani Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
[1839]—History of Patani: A Kingdom on the East Coast of the Peninsula of Malacca, Near the Siam Boundary [Hikayat Patani]. Singapore: Copied by Abdullah ben Abdulkadir, 1839.Google Scholar
17—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir Faṭānī, 1311/1894.Google Scholar
65—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Ismā‘īl, undated, in Mecca.Google Scholar
75B—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Lebai Imān of Kota Bharu, 1224/1809, in [Mecca].Google Scholar
144B—Hal al-Zill, copied by ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf bin al-‘Usūrī, undated.Google Scholar
158—‘Aqidat al-awwam min wajibat fi al-din bil-tamam [The doctrine of precise religious duties], copied by Muḥammad Zayn, 1261/1845.Google Scholar
391—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
729—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], written by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, undated.Google Scholar
123—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1299/1882, in Mecca.Google Scholar
161—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by ‘Abd al-Malik Tarkānū, 1239/1823, in Medina.Google Scholar
181—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Hajji Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, 1296/1878.Google Scholar
231—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1296/1879, in Mecca.Google Scholar
456—Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadi [The beginner's ladder in the light of the guided], copied by Muḥammad bin Encik Putih, 1267/1851, in Patani.Google Scholar
470—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Ibraḥīm bin Hassan Faṭānī, 1260/1844, in Mecca.Google Scholar
530—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Dā’ūd bin Muḥammad Kelantan, 1281/1864, in Mecca.Google Scholar
547B—[Kitab tasawwuf] [Book on Sufism], copied by Encik ‘Abd al-Karīm bin Encik ‘Abd Allāh Faṭānī, 1269/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
781(1)—Khalaq al-Samawāti wa al-Arḍ [Creator of the heavens and the earth], copied by ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, undated, in Kelantan.Google Scholar
1147—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Muḥammad Saman Faṭānī, 1289/1873, in Mecca.Google Scholar
1256—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495A—Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayān Ramz Ahl al-Ṣūfī [Pure spring in the explanation of Sufi symbolism], copied by ‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
1495B—[Kitab sifat dua puluh] [Book on the twenty attributes], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1495C—[Kayfiyyah membaca selawat Nabi Muhammad] [How to recite the prayers of the prophet Muhammad], copied by [‘Abd al-Qādir bin Muṣṭafā al-Faṭānī], undated.Google Scholar
1502—Ghāyat al-Āfrāḥ li-man Yatawalla al-Ankāḥ, undated.Google Scholar
1690—[Tarjuman al-Mustafid] [The interpreter of that which gives benefit], copied by Hajji Ibraḥīm bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Faṭānī, 1235/1820.Google Scholar
2014—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1236/1821, in Kampung Lengkandi, Patani.Google Scholar
2270B— Durr al-Farā’iḍ bi Sharh al-‘Aqā’id [The pearls of laws in the explanation of beliefs], copied by Hajji Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad Yūsuf Tarkānū, 1257/1841.Google Scholar
2338—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-'Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied 1268/1851, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2400A—Muqaddimat al-Mubtadin, copied by Muḥammad Amīn bin Lebai Isḥāq Faṭānī, 1245/1830.Google Scholar
2410—Sīrat al-Mustaqīm [Biography of the righteous], copied by Harun Faṭānī, 1261/1845, in Canak.Google Scholar
2419—Ghāyat al-Taqrīb fī al-’Irth wa al-Ta‘ṣīb [The goal of approximation in inheritance and genealogy], copied by Aḥmad bin ‘Abū Bakr, 1237/1821, in Yala.Google Scholar
2541—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Min bin Encik Ḥamīd Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
2545—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Imam ‘Abd al-Ṣamad, 1236/1820, in Kampung Laut, Satun.Google Scholar
2566—Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied 1244/1828, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2764—Al-Jawāhir al-Saniyyah fī Sharḥ al-‘Aqā‘id al-Dīniyyah wa Aḥkām al-Fiqh al-Marḍiyyah wa Ṭarīq al-Sulūk al-Muḥammadiyyah [Joyful jewels in the explanation of the religious dogma in the satisfactory laws of jurisprudence and the path of Muhammad's precedent], copied by Muḥammad Zayn al-Faṭānī, 1270/1853, in Mecca.Google Scholar
2959—[Idah al-Bab li-Murid al-Nikah bi-l-Sawab] [Explanation of the chapter for the one who desires a good marriage], copied by Muḥammad Sani Faṭānī, in Mecca, undated.Google Scholar
Faṭāniī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.a. Furū‘ al-Masā‘il wa Uṣūl al-Masā‘il. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Faṭānī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.b. Īḍāḥ al-Bāb li-Murīd al-Nikāḥ bi-l-Ṣawāb. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Faṭānī, Dā’ūdbin ‘AbdAllāh al. n.d.c. Sullam al-Mubtadī fī Bayān Ṭarīqat al-Muhtadī. Pulau Pinang: Maktabah Dar al-Ma‘arif.Google Scholar
Nieuhoff, John. 1704. “Mr. John Nieuhoff's Remarkable Voyages and Travels into Brazil, and the Best Parts of the East-Indies.” In A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, vol. 2. London: Printed for Awnsham and John Churchill, at the Black Swan in Pater-Nester-Row.Google Scholar
Teeuw, A., and Wyatt, D. K.. 1970. Hikayat Patani: The Story of Patani. Bibliotheca Indonesica, 5. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Toua Thao. n.d. Unpublished translation of “Phongsawadan Muang Pattani” [Chronicle of Patani]. In Prachum Phongsawadan, Phak thi Sam [Collected chronicles, part 3]. Bangkok: Thai Printing House, [1914].Google Scholar
Ong, Aihwa and Peletz, Michael G., eds. 1995. Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Andaya, Barbara Watson. 2000. Other Pasts: Women, Gender and History in Early Modern Southeast Asia. Honolulu: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa.Google Scholar
Attas, Muhammad Naquib al-. 1963. Some Aspects of Sufism as Understood and Practiced among the Malays. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.Google Scholar
Awang, Ismail. 2007. “Pak Cu Him Gajah Mati (1894–1968).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama’ Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 2, 2nd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che, 107–16. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Azra, Azyumardi. 2004. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern ‘Ulamā’ in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Asian Studies Association of Australia, Southeast Asia Publications Series. Honolulu: Allen & Unwin and University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Bassett, D. K. 1969. “Changes in the Pattern of Malay Politics, 1629–c. 1655.” Journal of Southeast Asian History 10(3):429–52.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Anne M. 2010. Locations of Buddhism: Colonialism and Modernity in Sri Lanka. Buddhism and Modernity series, ed. Lopez, Donald S. Jr.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R. 2009. “Moral Order in a Time of Damnation: The Hikayat Patani in Historical Context.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40(2):267–93.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R.. 2010. “The Social Dynamics of Islamic Revivalism in Southeast Asia: The Rise of the Patani School, 1785–1909.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
Bradley, Francis R.. 2012. “Siam's Conquest of Patani and the End of Mandala Relations, 1786–1838.” In Struggle for Patani's Past: History Writing and the Conflict in Southern Thailand, ed. Jory, Patrick. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Google Scholar
Bruinessen, Martin van. 1995. Kitab Kuning: Pesantren dan Tarekat; Tradisi-tradisi Islam di Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan.Google Scholar
Cherian, A. 1969. “The Genesis of Islam on Malabar.” Indica 6(1):113.Google Scholar
Cummings, W. 1998. “The Melaka Malay Diaspora in Makassar, c. 1500–1669.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 71(1):106–21.Google Scholar
Daud, Ismail Che. 2001a. “Syaikh Nik Dir Patani (1829–1898).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama’ Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 1, 3rd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Daud, Ismail Che. 2001b. “Syaikh Nik Mat Kechik Patani (1844–1915).” In Tokoh-tokoh Ulama' Semenanjung Melayu, vol. 1, 3rd ed., ed. Daud, Ismail Che, 189204. Kota Bharu: Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan.Google Scholar
Day, Tony. 2002. Fluid Iron: State Formation in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Fatani, Ahmad Fathy al-. 2002. Ulama Besar dari Patani. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Google Scholar
Feener, R. Michael. 2010. “New Networks and New Knowledge: Migrations, Communications and the Refiguration of the Muslim Community in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.” In The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 6, ed. Hefner, Robert, 3968. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forbes, Andrew D. W. 1981. “Southern Arabia and the Islamicisation of the Central Indian Ocean Archipelagoes.” Archipel 21:5592.Google Scholar
Forbes, Andrew D. W.. 1983. “Thailand's Muslim Minorities: Assimilation, Secession, or Coexistence?” Asian Survey 22(11):1056–73.Google Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2006. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hourani, Albert. 1962. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Johns, A. H. 1978. “Friends in Grace: Ibrahīm al-Kūrānī and ‘Abd al-Ra‘uf al-Singkeli.” In Spectrum: Essays Presented to Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana on His Seventieth Birthday, ed. Udin, S.. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat.Google Scholar
Johns, A. H.. 1984. “Islam in the Malay World: An Exploratory Survey with Some References to Quranic Exegesis.” In Islam in Asia, vol. 2: Southeast and East Asia, eds. Israeli, Raphael and Johns, Anthony H.. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.Google Scholar
Laffan, Michael Francis. 2003. Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma below the Winds. SOAS/Routledge Studies on the Middle East series, eds. Fortna, Benjamin C. and Freitag, Ulrike. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Laoust, Henri. 1939. Essai sur les Doctrines Sociales et Politiques de Taḳī-d-dīn Aḥmad b. Taimiyya: Canoniste Ḥanbalite né à Ḥarrān en 661/1262, mort à Damas en 728/1328. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale.Google Scholar
Matheson, Virginia, and Hooker, M. B.. 1988. “Jawi Literature in Patani: The Maintenance of an Islamic Tradition.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 61(1):186.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Barbara Daly. 1982. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Roland E. 1992. Mappila Muslims of Kerala: A Study in Islamic Trends. Rev. ed. Madras: Orient Longman.Google Scholar
Mills, J. V. 1930. “Eredia's Description of Malaca, Meridonial India, and Cathay, Translated from the Portuguese with Notes.” Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 8(1): 1288.Google Scholar
Neelis, Jason. 2011. Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Proudfoot, Ian. 1993. Early Malay Printed Books: A Provisional Account of Materials Published in the Singapore-Malaysia Area up to 1920, Noting Holdings in Major Public Collections. Kuala Lumpur: Academy of Malay Studies and the Library, University of Malaya.Google Scholar
Rahman, Mohd. Zain Abd. 2002. “New Lights on the Life and Works of Shaikh Dawud al-Fattani.” Studia Islamika 90(3):83117.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 1983. “The Rise of Makassar.” Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 17:117–60.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 1988–93. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. 2 vols. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Riddell, Peter. 1990. Transferring a Tradition: ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Singkilī's Rendering into Malay of the Jalālayn Commentary. Monograph Series, no. 31. Berkeley: Centers for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Riddell, Peter. 2001. Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Snouck Hurgronje, C. 1906. The Achehnese. 2 vols. Translated by O'Sullivan, A. W. S. with an index by Wilkinson, R. J.. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Snouck Hurgronje, C.. 1931. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning; The Moslims of the East-Indian-Archipelago. Translated by Monahan, J. H.. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Suhrke, Astri. 1977. “Loyalists and Separatists: The Muslims in Southern Thailand.” Asian Survey 17(3):237–50.Google Scholar
Thongchai, Winichakul. 1994. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Tweed, Thomas A. 2002. “On Moving Across: Translocative Religion and the Interpreter's Position.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 70(2):253–77.Google Scholar
Tweed, Thomas A.. 2006. Crossing and Dwelling: A Theory of Religion. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vakily, Abdollah. 1997. “Sufism, Power Politics, and Reform: Al-Rānīrī’s Opposition to Hamzah al-Fansūrī Teachings Reconsidered.” Studia Islamika 4(1):113–15.Google Scholar
Vásquez, Manuel A. 2008. “Studying Religion in Motion: A Networks Approach.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 20(2):151–84.Google Scholar
Voll, John Obert. 1994. Islam: Continuity and Change. 2nd ed.Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Winstedt, R. O. 1917. “The Advent of Muhammadanism in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 77:171–75.Google Scholar
Winstedt, R. O.. 1939. “A History of Malay Literature.” Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 17(1).Google Scholar