Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:07:01.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From Praśasti to Political Culture: The Nadia Raj and Malla Dynasty in Seventeenth-Century Bengal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2014

Get access

Abstract

This paper examines the values that informed the actions of two polities in seventeenth-century Bengal, the Nadia Raj and the Malla dynasty, through a close analysis of their temple inscriptions—a form of royal laudation or praśasti. Focusing on this inscriptional record of each polity, the paper is divided into three sections. The first section analyzes the language of the inscriptions in order to examine the ways in which each polity crafts a political language. The second section addresses how each set of inscriptional records speaks to each polity's political culture. Finally, the third section discusses questions of patronage and reception in order to draw connections in each polity between its public language and its public settings. The paper concludes with some thoughts on what it meant for a polity to speak publicly in seventeenth-century Bengal.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Alam, Muzaffar. 2004. The Languages of Political Islam: India 1200–1800. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Almond, Gabriel A. 1956. “Comparative Political Systems.” Journal of Politics 18(3):391409.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Dineshchandra. 1952. Bāṅgālīr sārasvata abadān: Baṅge Nabyanyāẏa carcā [Learned activities of Bengalis: Navya-Nyaya practice in Bengal]. Kalikata: Bangiya Sahitya Parishat.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Jatindramohan. 1972. “Bāṃlā puthir lipikāl” [Scribal dates of Bengali manuscripts]. In Abdul Karim Sahitya-Visarad Commemoration Volume, ed. Haq, Muhammad Enamul, IV–XXVI. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.Google Scholar
Bhattacharyya, A. K. 1982. A Corpus of Dedicatory Inscriptions from the Temples of West Bengal, c. 1500 A.D. to 1800 A.D. Calcutta: Nabhana.Google Scholar
Bronner, Yigal. 2010. Extreme Poetry: The South Asian Movement of Simultaneous Narration. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Chakravarti, Mahadev. 1986. The Concept of Rudra-Śiva through the Ages. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, Kumkum. 2009. “Cultural Flows and Cosmopolitanism in Mughal India: The Bishnupur Kingdom.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 46(2):147–82.Google Scholar
Chauduri, Yajnesvar, ed. 2004. Nabadvip-mahimā of Kānticandra Rāṛhī [The glory of Navadvip by Kanticandra Rarhi]. Nabadvip: Nabadvip Puratattva Parishad.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, Cittaranjan. 2003. “Ṣoṛaśa-saptadaś satake Bhāratīẏa arthanītir bibartita prekṣāpaṭe Mallabhūmer bhūmikā” [The place of the Malla region in the changed landscape of the Indian political economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries]. In Prabandha Saṅkalan, Bān̐kuṛā Biṣayak [An essay collection on Bankura], ed. Chakrabarti, Girindra Shekhar, 6674. Bankura: Kheyali Patrika Goshthi.Google Scholar
d'Hubert, Thibaut, and Womser, Paul. 2008. “Représentations du monde dans le Golfe du Bengale au XVIIe siècle: Ālāol et Rānīrī” [Conceptions of the world in the Bay of Bengal in the seventeenth century: Alaol and Raniri]. Archipel 76:1535.Google Scholar
Eaton, Richard. 1993. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Eaton, Richard. 2000. “Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States.” Journal of Islamic Studies 11(3):283319.Google Scholar
Ganeri, Jonardon. 2011. The Age of Lost Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, Pika. 2002. “Tales, Tanks, and Temples: The Creation of a Sacred Center in Seventeenth-Century Bengal.” Asian Folklore Studies 61(2):193222.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Pika. 2005. Temple to Love: Architecture and Devotion in Seventeenth-Century Bengal. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Sankar Prasad. 1982. Hindu Religious Art and Architecture. Delhi: D.K. Publications.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Sankar Prasad. 1986. Terracottas of Bengal: With Special Reference to Nadia. Delhi: B.R. Publishers.Google Scholar
Hospital, Clifford. 1978. “The Enemy Transformed: Opponents of the Lord in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, supplement 46(2):199215.Google Scholar
Inden, Ronald. 1998. “Ritual, Authority, and Cyclic Time in Hindu Kingship.” In Kingship and Authority in South Asia, ed. Richards, J. F., 4191. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jayadeva. 1937. Gītagovinda of Jayadeva with the Commentaries Rasikapriyā of King Kumbha and Rasamañjarī of Mahāmahopādhyāya Śaṅkara Miśra. Edited by Telang, Mangesa Ramkrisna. Revised by Mathuranath Sastri. Bombay: Pandurang Jawaj.Google Scholar
Jīva Gosvāmī. 1986. Prītisandarbha of Jīva Gosvāmī. Edited with editor's Hindi commentary by Sastri, Haridas. Vrdnavan: Srigadadharagauraharipresa.Google Scholar
Knutson, Jesse Ross. 2010. “The Political Poetic of the Sena Court.” Journal of Asian Studies 69(2):371401.Google Scholar
MacDonell, A. A. 1951. A Vedic Reader for Students. Madras: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mallick, Abhay Pad. 1921. History of the Bishnupur Raj, an Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal. [Calcutta].Google Scholar
Mandal, Pancanan. 1968. Ciṭhipatre samājcitra [The depiction of society in letters and other documents]. Santiniketan: Bisvabharati.Google Scholar
McLane, John R. 1993. Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michell, George, ed. 1983. Brick Temples of Bengal: From the Archives of David McCutchion. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. 2004. Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, Anima. 1990. Satero śataker Rāṛh-Bāṃlār samāj o sāhitya [Society and literature of Bengal's Rarh region in the seventeenth century]. Kalkata: Anima Prakasani.Google Scholar
Narahari (Ghanaśyāma) Cakrabarttī, comp. 463 Gaurābda [c. 1948 CE]. Gītacandrodaya. Nabadvip: Haridas Das.Google Scholar
Narayana Rao, Velcheru, Shulman, David, and Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. 2001. Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 1600–1800. Delhi: Permanent Black.Google Scholar
Nemec, John. 2007. “Review of Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India by Sheldon Pollock.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75(4):207–11.Google Scholar
O'Malley, L. L. S. 1908. Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura. Calcutta: Government of West Bengal.Google Scholar
Pertsch, W., ed. and trans. 1853. Kshitishavamsavalicharitam: A Chronicle of the Family of Raja Krishnachandra of Navadvipa, Bengal. Berlin: Fred Dumler.Google Scholar
Pingree, David. 1970–. Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit; Series A (Volume 5). Philadelphia, Pa.: American Philosophical Society.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. 2001. “New Intellectuals in Seventeenth-Century India.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 38(1):331.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. 2006. The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Rādhāmohana Ṭhākkura, comp. 1391 B.E. [c. 1984 CE]. Padāmr̥tasumudra. Edited by Ray, Uma. Kalikata: Kalikata Bisvabidyalaya Press.Google Scholar
Ray, Basantaranjan Vidvadvallabha, and Bhattacharya, Sritaraprasanno, eds. 1961. Bāṅgālā prācīn pun̐thir bibaraṇ [Descriptive catalog of old Bengali manuscripts]. Kalikata: Bangiya Sahitya Parishat.Google Scholar
Sanyal, Hiteshranjan. 1968. “Social Aspects of Temple Building in Bengal: 1600 to 1900 A.D.” Man in India 48(3):201–19.Google Scholar
Sastri, Haraprasad. 1927. “The Malla Era of Viṣṇupur.” Indian Historical Quarterly 3:180–81.Google Scholar
Schweig, Graham M. 2007. “The Divine Feminine in the Theology of Krishna.” In Krishna: A Sourcebook, ed. Bryant, Edwin, 441–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sen, Dinesh Chandra. 1914. Vaṅga Sāhitya Paricaẏa; or, Selections from the Bengali Literature, from the Earliest Time to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.Google Scholar
Sen, Sukumar. 1935. A History of Brajabuli Literature: Being a Study of the Vaiṣṇava Lyric Poetry and Poets of Bengal. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.Google Scholar
Shastri, J. L., ed. 1971. Śiva-Purāṇa. Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Series. Translated by a board of scholars. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Shastri, Vishva Bandhu, ed. 1963–65. R̥gveda with the Padapāṭha and the Available Portions of the Bhāṣya-s. Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute.Google Scholar
Simha, Kunal. 1999. Paścimbaṅger purātan granthāgār o nathipatra saṃgraha [Old libraries and document repositories of West Bengal]. Nadia: Kalyani Bisvabidyalay.Google Scholar
Simha, Pradip Kumar. 1982. Rāṛher padābalī [Anthologies of the Rarh region]. Bishnupur: Manikalal Simha.Google Scholar
Sircar, Dineshchandra. 1965. Indian Epigraphy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Stewart, Tony K. 2010. The Final Word: The Caitanya Caritāmr̥ta and the Grammar of Religious Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sukthankar, Vishnu S., ed. 1927–66. Mahābhārata. Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.Google Scholar
Vaiṣṇavadāsa, comp. 1322–30 B.E. [c. 1915–23 CE]. Padakalpataru: An Anthology of Vaiṣṇava Lyrics. Edited by Ray, Satishcandra. Calcutta: Bangiya Sahitya Parishat.Google Scholar
Vidyabhushan, S. C. 1971. A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. R. 1983. The Early Annals of the English in Bengal. New Delhi: Bimla Publishing House.Google Scholar
Wright, Samuel. Forthcoming. “Making Sense of Bhāṣā in Sanskrit: Radhamohan Thakkur's Mahābhāvānusāriṇī-ṭīkā and Literary Culture in Early Eighteenth-Century Bengal.” In Texts and Traditions in Early Modern North India, eds. Hawley, Jack, Malhotra, Anshu, and Williams, Tyler. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar