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Farm Tenancy and Cooperatives in the Philippines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Leopoldo T. Ruiz
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Extract

For centuries farm tenancy has been one of the main sources of misery and discontent in the rural areas of the Philippines. Basically it has been the cause of the agrarian disturbances which have so often seriously threatened the peace and security of the nation. Any insurance of the economic stability and general well-being of the people must therefore depend largely upon its satisfactory solution. This brief study was undertaken primarily to throw more light on the prewar condition of this vexing problem, with the hope that it might serve as background material for a more wisely-planned economy in the postwar reconstruction of the Philippines.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , February 1945 , pp. 163 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1945

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References

1 Census of the Philippine Islands: 1903. (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1905), Vol. 4.

2 Census of the Philippine Islands: 1918. (Manila, 1921), Vol. 3.

3 Census of the Philippines: 1939. (Manila, 1941), Vol. II.

4 The American Chamber of Commerce Journal, Manila, Oct. 1940, p. 7.

5 The word as it is used in the Philippines has a meaning somewhat like the word boss in the United States. In rural communities a cacique, aside from being a landlord, wields the influence of a petty chief.

6 The word tao literally means man, but it has come to mean the man who toils with his hands. In this latter sense; it is used ordinarily to mean a farm tenant or a laborer.

7 Velmonte, Jose E., et al, “Living conditions in farm homes in Mendez, Nunez; Amadeo, Cavite; Mangatarem, Pangasinan; and Camiling, Tarlac.” Philippine Agriculturist, 22; 745–76.Google Scholar

8 Lava, Horaciu C., Levels of living in the Ilocos region. (Prepared for the Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, Manila, 1938).Google Scholar

9 Hester, E. D. and Mabbun, P., “Some economic and social aspects of Philippine rice tenancies,” Philippine Agriculturist, 12; pp. 367–408, June, 1923.Google Scholar

10 The Second Annual Report of the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands. (United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1939), p. 39.