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The Principles and Operational Code of Communist China's International Conduct
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 March 2011
Extract
Mao Tse-tung and his associates in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) appear to have a penchant for reducing an important and complex policy or strategy to a relatively simple set of rules that their followers can easily understand and implement without undue deviation. In the military field, for example, Mao laid down, at a very early stage of his revolutionary career, the now well-known rules governing guerrilla warfare which read in part:
… The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.
To extend stable base areas, employ the policy of advancing in waves; pursued by a powerful enemy, employ the policy of circling around.
Arouse the largest numbers of the masses in the shortest possible time and by the best possible methods.
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References
1 Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1964), I, 124.Google Scholar
2 Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965), III, 50.Google Scholar
3 “Four togetherness” meant that commune cadres should consult, eat, live, and work together with the peasants. The “five good” policy meant the peasant should be good in observing laws and decrees of the government, be good in protecting the collective, be good in performing labor, be good in protecting public property, and be good in uniting with and helping other people.
4 For some systematic summations of the nature, objectives, and application of the United Front Policy, see Chih-I, Chang, A Preliminary Study of the Chinese People's Democratic United Front [Shih-lun cAung-kuo jen-min min-chu t'ung-i chan-hsien], (Peking: People's Publishing House, 1958)Google Scholar; and Weihan, Li, “The Chinese People's Democratic United Front: Its Special Features,” Peking Review, No. 33 (August 18, 1961), pp. 10–15Google Scholar; No. 34 (May 25, 1961), pp. 12–18; and No. 35 (September I, 1961), pp. 10–14. See also another series of articles by entitled, Li “The Struggle for Proletarian Leadership in the New-Democratic Revolution in China,” Peking Review, No. 8 (February 23, 1962), pp. 5–13Google Scholar; No. 9 (March 2, 1962), pp. 8–14; No. 10 (March 9, 1962), pp. 8–14; No. 11 (March 16, 1962), pp. 12–17; No. 12 (March 23, 1962), pp. 12–18.
5 See, for example, Tsou, Tang and Halperin, Morton H., “Mao Tse-tung's Revolutionary Strategy and Peking's International Behavior,” American Political Science Review, LIX (March 1965), 80–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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8 Ibid., III, 312–13.
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19 Loc. cit.
20 The Editorial Department of the People's Daily, Two Different Lines on the Questions of War and Peace (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1963), p. 12.Google Scholar
21 The title of the article in Red Flag is translated as “Revolutionary Dialectics and How to Appraise Imperialism.” An English text can be found in NCNA, January 6, 1963.Google Scholar
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54 ibid., I, 223.
55 Ibid., IV, 49.
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