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Portrait of a Warlord: Yen Hsi-shan in Shansi Province, 1911–1930

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Donald G. Gillin
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Extract

In the years that followed the overthrow of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911, China was ruled by military men who set up virtually independent governments in the various provinces. This inquiry into the policies of Yen Hsi-shan, governor of die north-western province of Shansi between 1911 and 1930, has been undertaken in the hope that a study of one of these warlords will result in a broader understanding of war-lordism as a political phenomenon and in this way illuminate further the whole subject of regional government in China during the early decades of the twentieth century.

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Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , May 1960 , pp. 289 - 306
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1960

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References

1 Hsi-shan, Yen, Yen Po-ch'uan hsien-sheng yen-lun lei-pien [The Collected Speeches of Mr. Yen Poch'uan] (Shanghai, 1936), V, 40.Google Scholar Hereafter cited as Yen Hsi-shan, Lectures.

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4 Interview with Henri Vetch, a former resident of Peiping, Hong Kong, March 31, 1958.

5 Kung-chih, Wen, Tsui-chin san-shih-nien Chung-kuo chün-shih shih [A Military History of China During the Last Thirty Years] (Shanghai, 1930Google Scholar), I, 125.

6 North China Herald, January 17, 1925, p. 92, col. 4 and February 2, 1924, p. 165, col. 5. Hereafter cited as NCH.

7 Hsi-shan, Yen, Lectures, V, 30.Google Scholar

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9 Letter to the author from F. S. Hutchins, formerly a missionary in Shansi, dated September 5, 1957.

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25 Hsi-shan, Yen, Lectures, III (Shang), 197–198.Google Scholar Since in the past the Chinese have looked upon the heart rather than the brain as the seat of the human intellect the phrase hsi-hsin might more properly be translated into English as “brain-washing,” with all that that implies for those who contend that this concept was introduced into China by the Chinese Communists.

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32 Yen's policies with respect to education and their impact on the people of Shansi will form the subject of another article.

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35 Ch'en Han-seng, p. 379.

36 Williamson's letter.

37 Letter to the author from Wynn C. Fairfield, formerly a missionary in Shansi, dated July 18, 1958.

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42 Hsi-shan, Yen, Lectures, III Hsia, 62 and Wang Ch'ien, p. 10b.Google Scholar

43 NCH, October 23, 1926, p. 156, col. 2.