Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:28:50.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hindu Bonds at Work: Spiritual and Commercial Ties between India and Bali

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2008

Martin Ramstedt
Get access

Abstract

The article focuses on the spiritual capital negotiated in the Indian-Indonesian networks of an Indian Hindu missionary currently living in Bali. These networks bridge different social groups and thereby foster—like the American mainline Protestant churches examined by Robert Putnam—the conditions for transnational community building and commerce. The value of spiritual capital is gauged against the backdrop defined by the rise of Hindu nationalism and a new economic agenda in India since the end of the 1980s. Parallel to these developments, Indonesian Hindus began to grow wary of the growing influence of Islam and Islamism in their country.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 67 , Issue 4 , November 2008 , pp. 1227 - 1250
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Abdul Kalam, A. P. J., and Rajan, Y. S. 2002. India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Agrawal, Purushottam. 1999. “À la recherche d'une démocratie véritable. Les élections indiennes polluées par le débat identitaire.” Le Monde Diplomatique, September, 18–19.Google Scholar
Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde. 1990. Twenty Years—Indonesian Foreign Policy, 1945–1965. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.Google Scholar
Bakker, F. L. 1993. The Struggle of the Hindu Balinese Intellectuals: Developments in Modern Hindu Thinking in independent Indonesia. Amsterdam: VU University Press.Google Scholar
Berger, Peter, and Hefner, Robert W.. n.d. “Spiritual Capital in Comparative Perspective.” http://www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/pdf/Berger.pdf [accessed July 18, 2008].Google Scholar
Bhambhri, C. P. 1999. BJP-Led Government and Elections 1999. Delhi: Shirpa.Google Scholar
Das, Gurcharan. 2002. India Unbound: The Social and Economic Revolution from Independence to the Global Information Age. New York: Anchor.Google Scholar
Dutt, V. P. 1984. India's Foreign Policy. Jakarta and New Delhi: University of Indonesia Press and Vikas.Google Scholar
T he Economist. 2001. “A Survey of India's Economy.” June 2.Google Scholar
Frykenberg, Robert Eric. 1989. “The Emergence of Modern ‘Hinduism’ as a Concept and as an Institution: A Reappraisal with Special Reference to South India.” In Hinduism Reconsidered, ed. Sontheimer, Günther D and Kulke, Hermann, 29–49. Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar
Gangadharan, K. K. 1970. Sociology of Revivalism: A Study of Indianization, Sanskritization and Golwalkarism. New Delhi: Kalamkar Prakashan.Google Scholar
Gardner, David. 2000. “BJP Picks Leader to Widen Its Appeal.” Financial Times, August 3.Google Scholar
Haley, George T., and Haley, Usha C. V. 1998. “Boxing with Shadows: Competing Effectively with the Overseas Chinese and Overseas Indian Business Networks in the Asian Arena.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 11 (4): 301–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, Leo. 2004. “Hinduism, Identity, and Social Conflict: The Sai Baba Movement in Bali.” In Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion between Local, National, and Global Interests, ed. Ramstedt, Martin, 264–80. London: Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Jaffrelot, Christophe. 1996. The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s. London: Hurst & Co.Google Scholar
Jaffrelot, Christophe. 1999. “India and Asianism: The Instrumentalisation of an Ideology.” Unpublished conference paper.Google Scholar
Kaviraj, Sudipta. 1999. “Hinduism and Tolerance.” In Religions and Tolerance: Sixth Symposium of the Series The East—The West, vol. 20, Publications of the Japanese-German Center Berlin Series, 51–61. Berlin: Japanisch-Deutsches Zentrum Berlin.Google Scholar
King, Richard. 1999. “Orientalism and the Modern Myth of ‘Hinduism.’ ” Numen 46 (2): 146–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klostermaier, Klaus K. 1989. A Survey of Hinduism. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Kraemer, Hendrik. 1933. De strijd over Bali en de zending: Een studie en een appèl [The struggle over Bali and the Protestant mission: A study and appeal]. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris.Google Scholar
Ludden, David. 1996. “Introduction—Ayodhya: A Window on the World.” In Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, ed. Ludden, David, 1–23. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Maitra, Romain. 1999. “Hindouisme et nation.” Le Monde Diplomatique, September, 18.Google Scholar
Markovits, Claude. 2000. The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKean, Lise. 1996. Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patnaik, Arun, and Chalam, K. S. R. V. S.. 1998. “The Ideology and Politics of Hindutva.” In Social Change and Political Discourse in India: Structures of Power, Movements of Resistance, vol. 3, Region, Religion, Caste, Gender and Culture in Contemporary India, ed. Sathyamurty, T. V, 252–80. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Picard, Michel, and Wood, Robert E., eds. 1997. Tourism, Ethnicity, and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. 1999. “Muslim-Hindu Relations in Contemporary Indonesia.” ISIM Newsletter 4:14.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. 2002. “Hinduism in Modern Indonesia.” In Indonesia: A New Beginning? ed. Chandra, Satish and Ghoshal, Baladas, 140–68. New Delhi: Sterling.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. 2004. “Introduction: Negotiating Identities—Indonesian “Hindus” between Local, National, and Global Interests.” In Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion between Local, National, and Global Interests, ed. Ramstedt, Martin, 1–34. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. Forthcoming. “Religion and Governance in Indonesia: The Case of Hinduism in a Society under Reform.” In Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges, ed. Holtzappel, Coen and Ramstedt, Martin. Singapore: ISEAS.Google Scholar
Sarkar, Sumit. 1996. “Indian Nationalism and the Politics of Hindutva.” In Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, ed. Ludden, David, 270–93. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Somvir, Yadav. 2004. “Cultural and Religious Interaction between Modern India and Indonesia.” In Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion between Local, National, and Global Interests, ed. Ramstedt, Martin, 255–63. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Stietencron, Heinrich. 1989. “Hinduism: On the Proper Use of a Deceptive Term.” In Hinduism Reconsidered, ed. Sontheimer, Günter D. and Kulke, Herman, 11–27. Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar
Stietencron, Heinrich. 1997. Hindu Religious Traditions and the Concept of “Religion.” Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.Google Scholar
Thapar, Romila. 1989. “Syndicated Hinduism.” In Hinduism Reconsidered, ed. Sontheimer, Günter Dietz and Kulke, Herman, 1–29. Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar