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From Shanghai to Peking: the Politics of a Revolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Howard L. Boorman
Howard L. Boorman*
Affiliation:
Columbia University
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Type
Review Article
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The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , November 1963 , pp. 113 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1963

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References

1 Arendt, Hannah, On Revolution (New York, 1963).Google Scholar

2 North, Robert C., Moscow and Chinese Communists (Stanford, second edition, 1963).Google Scholar

3 Fairbank, John K., The United States and China (Cambridge, 1948; revised and enlarged edition, 1958)Google Scholar. Fainsod, Merle, How Russia Is Ruled (Cambridge, 1953; revised edition, 1963).Google Scholar

4 Levenson, Joseph R., “The Day Confucius Died,” Journal of Asian Studies, XX (02 1961), 221–226 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, review of Tse-tsung, Chow, The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China (Cambridge, 1960).Google Scholar

5 Four volumes according to the count of the Chinese-Language edition; English translations are available in five volumes. A scholarly presentation of many of Mao's writings, including his most recent texts and some never before translated, is given in Schram, Stuart R., The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung (New York, 1963).Google Scholar

6 Shao-chi, Liu, The Political Report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Eighth National Congress of the Party (Peking, 1956), p. 96.Google Scholar

7 London, 1957.

8 See Coe, John L., Huachung University (United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, 1962).Google Scholar

9 Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Elites (Stanford, 1952)Google Scholar; “Communists of the Chinese Revolution” in Wales, Nym, Red Dust, Autobiographies of Chinese Communists (Stanford, 1952)Google Scholar; (with Xenia J. Eudin) Soviet Russia and the East, 1920–1927, a Documentary Survey (Stanford, 1957)Google Scholar; “Historical Commentary and Notes” in Siao-yu, Mao Tse-tung and I were Beggars (Syracuse, 1959)Google Scholar; (with Xenia J. Eudin) M. N. Roy's Mission to China: the Communist-Kuomintang Split of 1927 (Berkeley, 1963)Google Scholar; “Two Revolutionary Models: Russian and Chinese” in Barnett, A. Doak (ed.), Communist Strategies in Asia (New York, 1963).Google Scholar

10 The most important information on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is provided by the records of its successive congresses and conferences. More or less complete records exist for all of them, with the exception of the First Congress of 1898, of which none has survived. With a few exceptions (notably the Nineteenth Congress in 1952), the records have been reprinted in book form, and even in the case of the exceptions, fairly full press reports exist. See Schapiro, Leonard, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (New York, 1960), page 591 Google Scholar. No comparable published records exist for the Communist Party of China.

11 The Chinese Communist Movement, 1921–1937 (Stanford, 1960, 131 pages)Google Scholar and The Chinese Communist Movement, 1937–1949 (Stanford, 1962, 312 pages)Google Scholar. Eugene Wu's annotated bibliography, Leaders of Twentieth-Century China (Stanford, 1956, 106 pages)Google Scholar is also useful.

12 Forty Years of Chinese Communism: Selected Readings with Commentary. (Service Center for Teachers of History, 400 A Street, S.E., Washington 3, D. C., Publication No. 47, 1962, 43 pages.)Google Scholar The Cole bibliography, published in 1962 and limited to works in English, fails to include three useful and concise summaries of party history: part 1 of Colonel Guillermaz, Jacques, La Chine Populaire (Paris, second edition, 1961)Google Scholar; chapter 1 of Lewis, John Wilson, Leadership in Communist China (Idiaca, 1963)Google Scholar; and the section on China by Harold C. Hinten in the new edition of Kahin, George McTurnan (ed.), Major Governments of Asia (Ithaca, 1963).Google Scholar

13 Biographical coverage in the revised edition of Moscow and Chinese Communists is weak. Jen Pi-shih, who was one of the top half dozen men in the party during the years preceding his death in 1950, is barely mentioned. No coherent picture of Liu Shao-ch'i comes through. Teng Hsiao-p'ing and P'eng Chen do not appear in the book.

14 Kung-po, Ch'en, The Communist Movement in China, ed. by Wilbur, C. Martin (New York, Columbia University, East Asian Institute Series No. 7, 1960).Google Scholar

15 Le mouvement ouvrier Chinois de 1919 à 1927 (The Hague, 1962).Google Scholar

16 Tso-liang, Hsiao, Power Relations within the Chinese Communist Movement, 1930–1934: a Study of Documents (Seattle, 1961).Google Scholar

17 See reviews by Boorman, Howard L. in Political Science Quarterly, LXXVII (12 1962), 617–618 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Schwartz, Benjamin in The China Quarterly (No. 12, 10–12 1962), 231–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

18 Scheduled for completion during 1963–64, Dorrill's thesis is tentatively entitled The Chinese Communist Defeat in Kiangsi and the Third “Left” Line. Based on Chinese materials in the Ch'en Ch'eng archive and the Bureau of Investigation library in Taiwan, this work focuses on the fifth encirclement campaign of 1934, the Fukien rebellion, the alleged errors of the “left” leadership, the first stage of the Long March, and the Tsunyi conference.

19 Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: the Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1937–1945 (Stanford, 1962)Google Scholar. Johnson has also written “Civilian Loyalties and Guerrilla Conflict,” World Politics, XIV (07 1962), 646–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

20 Yung-ying, Hsu, A Survey of Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region (New York, 1945)Google Scholar, Part 1, Geography and Politics; Part 2, Economy and Military.

21 Mao's China: Party Reform Documents, 1942–44 (Seattle, 1952)Google Scholar

22 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Historical Research Institute, Third Office (ed.), Shan-Kan-Ning pien-ch'ü ts'an-i-hui wen-hsien hui-chi (Collected Documents of the Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region Assemblies) (Peking, 1958).Google Scholar

23 Tsou, Tang, America's Failure in China, 1941–50 (Chicago, 1963).Google Scholar

24 New York, 1963.

25 Bibliographical control will be supplied by the volume compiled under the general editorship of Professor T. T. Hammond of the University of Virginia, Soviet Foreign Relations and World Communism since 1917: a Selected and Annotated Bibliography of Books in 25 Languages. The 7,000 entries in that work include contributions from about 120 scholars in the field. The volume will be published by the Princeton University Press early in 1964. A preliminary look at China from the Russian side is offered by Daniels, Robert Vincent, “The Chinese Revolution in Russian Perspective,” World Politics, XIII (1960–1961), 210–230.Google Scholar

26 New York, 1960.

27 The Politics of Totalitarianism: the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1934 to the Present (New York, 1961).Google Scholar

28 Dziewanowski, M. K., The Communist Party of Poland: an Outline of History (Cambridge, 1959)Google Scholar; Zinner, Paul E., Communist Strategy and Tactics in Czechoslovakia, 1918–48 (New York, 1963)Google Scholar; Taborsky, Edward, Communism in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1960 (Princeton, 1961)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rothschild, Joseph, The Communist Party of Bulgaria: Origins and Development, 1883–1936 (New York, 1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

29 Overstreet, Gene D. and Windmiller, Marshall, Communism in India (Berkeley, 1959).Google Scholar

30 For an English historian's comment on the monumental lack of understanding of China among the Western leadership, see FitzGerald, C. P., “A Fresh Look at the Chinese Revolution,” Pacific Affairs, XXXVI (Spring 1963), 47–53 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. especially page 50.

31 Recent examples of the polemical genre include Valentin Chu, Ta, Ta, Tan, Tan: the inside Story of Communist China (New York, 1963)Google Scholar and Chou, Eric, A Man Must Choose (New York, 1963).Google Scholar

32 New York, 1962.

33 The general line on party history was laid down in the “Resolution on Some Questions in the History of Our Party” adopted by the enlarged seventh plenum of the sixth Central Committee of the Chinese party on April 20, 1945, just before the opening of the Seventh National Congress. For text, see Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works, IV, 1941–1945 (New York, 1956), pp. 171–218 Google Scholar. The same themes were reiterated in two of the major articles released from Peking in July 1951 on the thirtieth party anniversary: Ch'en Po-ta, Mao Tse-tung's Theory of the Chinese Revolution is the Combination of Marxism-Leninism with the Chinese Revolution, and Hu Ch'iao-mu, Thirty years of the Communist Party of China. Ho Kan-chih, A History of the Modern Chinese Revolution (Peking, 1959)Google Scholar, gives the official version of recent history from 1919 to 1956.