Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:45:18.579Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Colonial Masters, National Politicos, and Provincial Lords: Central Authority and Local Autonomy in the American Philippines, 1900–1913

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Paul D. Hutchcroft
Get access

Extract

When the united states embarked on a campaign of overseas colonial conquest a century ago, it was for some Americans an unquestionably righteous venture in political tutelage. “[God] has made [the English-speaking and Teutonic peoples] adept in government that we may administer government among savage and senile peoples,” proclaimed Indiana Senator Albert J. Beveridge. “And of all our race He has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world” (Snyder 1962). The largest and most important U.S. colony was of course the Philippines, where a campaign of military conquest began in 1898 and continued into the early years of the new century.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , May 2000 , pp. 277 - 306
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Abinales, Patricio N. 1997. “State Authority and Local Power in the Southern Philippines, 1900–1972.” Ph.D. diss., Cornell University.Google Scholar
Abinales, Patricio N. 1999. “Progressive-Machine Conflict in Early Twentieth Century American Politics and Colonial State-Building in the Philippines.” Unpublished ms.Google Scholar
Abueva, Jose Veloso, and De Guzman, Raul P., eds. 1969. Foundations and Dynamics of Filipino Government and Politics. Manila: Bookmark.Google Scholar
Adas, Michael. 1998. “Improving on the Civilising Mission? Assumptions of United States Exceptionalism in the Colonisation of the Philippines.” Itinerario 22: 44–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alfonso, Oscar M. 1968. “Expediency in Taft’s Philippine Administration.” Philippine Journal of Public Administration 12: 246—55.Google Scholar
Alunan, Rafael M. III 1995. “Democratic Consolidation in the Philippines.” In Focus on the Philippines: Dialogue on Political Developments, edited by The Asia Society, and the Asian Institute of Management Policy Forum. New York: The Asia Society.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1988. “Cacique Democracy and the Philippines: Origins and Dreams.” New Left Review, no. 169: 3–33.Google Scholar
Baja, Emanuel A. 1933. Philippine Police System and Its Problems. Manila: Pobre's Press.Google Scholar
Barrows, David Prescott. 1914. A Decade of American Government in the Philippines, 1903–1913. Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y.: World Book.Google Scholar
Blair, Harry. 1996. “Supporting Democratic Local Governance: Lessons from International Donor Experience—Initial Concepts and Some Preliminary Findings.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, California, 29 August-1 September.Google Scholar
Callaghy, Thomas M. 1984. The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Cariño, Ledivina V. 1966. “The Politics and Administration of the Pork Barrel.” Manila: University of the Philippines School of Public Administration.Google Scholar
Corpuz, Onofred. 1957. The Bureaucracy in the Philippines. Manila: University of the Philippines Institute of Public Administration.Google Scholar
Corpuz, Onofred. 1965. The Philippines. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Cullinane, Michael. 1971. “Implementing the ’New Order’: The Structure and Supervision of Local Government During the Taft Era.” In Compadre Colonialism: Studies on the Philippines Under American Rule, edited by Owen, Norman G.. Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 3, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Cullinane, Michael. 1989. “Ilustrado Politics: The Response of the Filipino Educated Elite to American Colonial Rule, 1898–1907.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan.Google Scholar
De Guzman, Raul P., Reforma, Mila A., and Panganiban, Elena M.. 1988. “Local Government.” In Government and Politics of the Philippines, edited by de Guzman, Raul P. and Reforma, Mila A.. Singapore: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
De La Torre, Visitacion. 1986. History of the Philippine Civil Service. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.Google Scholar
Ertman, Thomas. 1997. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bureau., Executive 1921–1931. Annual Report, various issues.Google Scholar
Fesler, James W. 1962. “The Political Role of Field Administration.” In Papers in Comparative Public Administration, edited by Heady, Ferrel, and Stokes, Sybil L.. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute of Public Administration.Google Scholar
Fesler, James W. 1968. “Centralization and Decentralization.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 2, edited by Sills, David L.. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Finin, Gerard A. 1991. Regional Consciousness and Administrative Grids: Understanding the Role of Planning in the Philippines’ Gran Cordillera. Ph.D. diss., Cornell University.Google Scholar
Forbes, w. Cameron. 1945. The Philippine Islands, rev. ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gleeck, Lewis E. Jr. 1976. American Institutions in the Philippines (1898–1941). Manila: Historical Conservation Society.Google Scholar
Golay, Frank Hindman. 1998. Face of Empire: United States-Philippine Relations, 1898–1946. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Gopinath, Aruna. 1987. Manuel L. Quezon: The Tutelary Democrat. Quezon City: New Day.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, Eric. 1994. The Ties That Bind: A Guide to Family, Business, and Other Interests in the Ninth House of Representatives. Metro Manila: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and Institute for Popular Democracy.Google Scholar
Hayden, Joseph Ralston. 1942. The Philippines: A Study in National Development. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hutchcroft, Paul D. 1998. Booty Capitalism: The Politics of Banking in the Philippines. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchcroft, Paul D. Forthcoming. “Centralization and Decentralization in Administration and Politics: Assessing Territorial Dimensions of Authority and Power.” Governance, scheduled for publication January 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalaw, Maximo M. 1926. The Development of Philippine Politics (1872–1920). Manila: Oriental Commercial Co.Google Scholar
Kerkvliet, Benedict J., and Mojares, Resil B.. 1991. From Marcos to Aquino: Local Perspectives on Political Transition in the Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.Google Scholar
Landé, Carl H. 1965. Leaders, Factions, and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Larkin, John A. 1982. “Philippine History Reconsidered: A Socioeconomic Perspective.” American Historical Review 87: 595–628.Google Scholar
Luton, Harry. 1971. “American Internal Revenue Policy in the Philippines to 1916.” In Compadre Colonialism: Studies on the Philippines Under American Rule, edited by Owen, Norman G.. Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 3, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Mann, Michael. 1986, 1993. The Sources of Social Power. Vols. 1 and 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, Glenn A. 1984 [1980]. Social Engineering in the Philippines: The Aims, Execution, and Impact of American Colonial Policy, 1900–1913. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.Google Scholar
May, Glenn A. 1989. “Civic Ritual and Political Reality: Municipal Elections in the Late Nineteenth Century.” In Philippine Colonial Democracy, edited by Paredes, Ruby R.. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.Google Scholar
McCoy, Alfred W., ed. 1994. An Anarchy of Families: State and Family in the Philippines. Madison: University of Wisconsin Center for Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
McCoy, Alfred W., ed. 1982. “Introduction: The Social History of an Archipelago.” In Philippine Social History: Global Trade and Local Transformations, edited by McCoy, A. W. and de Jesus, E. C.. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
McCoy, Alfred W., ed. 1989. “Quezon’s Commonwealth: The Emergence of Philippine Authoritarianism.” In Philippine Colonial Democracy, edited by Paredes, R. R.. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph No. 32.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. 1988. Strong Societies and Weak States. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mojares, Resil B. 1986. The Man Who Would Be President: Serging Osmeña and Philippine Politics. Cebu: Maria Cacao Publishers.Google Scholar
Ocampo, Romeo B., and Panganiban, Elena M.. 1985. The Philippine Local Government System: History, Politics, and Finance. Manila: Local Government Center, College of Public Administration, University of the Philippines.Google Scholar
Owen, Norman G. 1971. “Philippine Economic Development and American Policy: A Reappraisal.” In Compadre Colonialism: Studies on the Philippines Under American Rule, edited by Owen, Norman G.. Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 3, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Paredes, Ruby R. 1989a. “Introduction: The Paradox of Philippine Colonial Democracy.” In Philippine Colonial Democracy, edited by Paredes, R. R.. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.Google Scholar
Paredes, Ruby R. 1989b. “The Origins of National Politics: Taft and the Partido Federal.” In Philippine Colonial Democracy, edited by Paredes, R. R.. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.Google Scholar
Philippine Center For Investigative Journalism and Ateneo Center for Social Policy and Public Affairs. 1992. 1992 and Beyond: Forces and Issues in Philippine Elections. Metro Manila: PCIJ and Ateneo CSPPA.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Report of the Philippine Commission (RPC). 1900–13. Various annual reports. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Rizal, José. 1996 [1887]. Noli Me Tangere. Translated by Lacson-Locsin, Ma. Soledad. Metro Manila: Bookmark.Google Scholar
Rocamora, Joel. 1995. “Classes, Bosses, Goons, and Clans: Re-imagining Philippine Political Culture.” In Boss: Five Case Studies of Local Politics in the Philippines, edited by Lacaba, Jose F.. Metro Manila: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.Google Scholar
Romani, John H., and Thomas., M. Ladd 1954. A Survey of Local Government in the Philippines. Manila: University of the Philippines Institute of Public Administration.Google Scholar
Rood, Steven. 1998. “Decentralization, Democracy, and Development.” In The Philippines: New Directions in Domestic Policy and Foreign Relations, edited by Timberman, David. New York: Asia Society.Google Scholar
Salamanca, Bonifacio. 1984 [1968]. The Filipino Reaction to American Rule, 1901–1913. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shefter, Martin. 1994. Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sidel, John Thayer. 1995. “Coercion, Capital, and the Post-Colonial State: Bossism in the Postwar Philippines.” Ph.D. diss., Cornell University.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 1985. “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research.” In Bringing the State Back In, edited by Evans, P. B., Rueschemeyer, D., and Skocpol, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stephen, Skow Ronek. 1982. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877—1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Brian C. 1980. “Measuring Decentralisation.” In New Approaches to the Study of Central-Local Government Relationships, edited by Jones, G. W.. Westmead, Farnboroush, Hampshire: Gower Publishing.Google Scholar
Snyder, Louis L., ed. 1962. The Imperialism Reader: Documents and Readings on Modern Expansionism. Princeton: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Stanley, Peter W. 1974. A Nation in the Making: The Philippines and the United States, 1899–1921. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Steinberg, David Joel. 1994. The Philippines: A Singular and a Plural Place. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Steinberg, David Joel., ed. 1987. In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Tapales, Proserpina D. 1993. Devolution and Empowerment: The Local Government Code of 1991 and Local Autonomy in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies.Google Scholar
Tilly, charles. 1985. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Bringing the State Back In, edited by Evans, P. B., Rueschemeyer, D., and Skocpol, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, charles. 1992. Coercion, Capital, and European States, A.D. 990–1992. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis De. 1953 [1835]. Democracy in America. Vol 1. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Veneracion, Jaime B. 1988. Merit or Patronage: A History of the Philippine Civil Service. Quezon City: Great Books Trading.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1978 [1922]. Economy and Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Daniel R. 1913. The Odyssey of the Philippine Commission. Chicago: A. C. McClurg.Google Scholar
Willis, Henry Parker. 1905. Our Philippine Problem: A Study of American Colonial Policy. New York: H. Holt.Google Scholar
Worcester, Dean C. 1914. The Philippines Past and Present. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan Company.Google Scholar
Yabes, Leopoldo Y. 1967. “The American Administration in the Philippines.” Solidarity 2: 16–26.Google Scholar
Young, Crawford. 1976. The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Young, Crawford. 1994. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar