Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:36:42.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of the Activity of Xylanase in Animal Feed Additives and in Animal Feedingstuffs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2015

G.P. Dillon*
Affiliation:
Alltech Ireland, Sarney, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Co Meath, Ireland
K. Filer
Affiliation:
Alltech Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, 40356 KY, USA
M. Gaffney
Affiliation:
Alltech Ireland, Sarney, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Co Meath, Ireland
C.A. Moran
Affiliation:
Alltech France, 25 rue Greffulhe, 92300 Levallois-Perret, France
*
*Corresponding author:[email protected]

Summary

Exogenous carbohydrases are commonly added to monogastric feed to help degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). This action can increase the nutrient availability of feedingstuffs and decrease digestive disturbances, thus improving animal performance. This in turn can lead to improved feed conversion efficiency in meat and egg production. In light of the benefits associated with dietary xylanase inclusion, so too has it become increasingly relevant to quantity them in poultry feed premixtures with additional enzyme activities and directly in compound feed. Hitherto, the analysis of the activity of xylanase in animal feeds has proved difficult. Despite the widespread acceptance of the DNS method for the quantification of xylanase activity, it is not without limitations which can lead to erroneous under- or over-estimation of activity, and is particularly variable depending on the feed matrix wherein it is measured. The current method validation examined the following parameters: linearity, precision, uncertainty, sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) and the experiments were designed to highlight any interference from protease co-ingredients and possible matrix effects in various types of supplemented feed. The assay method described is convenient and inexpensive and could be applied to the rapid and routine analysis of xylanases in animal feeds during quality control and in investigating fraudulent adulteration of feed to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the product.

Type
Original Research
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition Ltd. 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aehle, W. (2007) Enzymes in Industry: Production and Applications, 3rd edn.Wiley, New York. 211216.Google Scholar
Association Francaise do Normalisation (1999) AFNOR Standard Method. Decembre 1999. Protocole d'évaluation d'une méthode alternative d'analyse physico-chimique quantitative par rapport à une méthode de reference. Norme NF XPT 90–210. AFNOR, La Plaine Saint-Denise, Paris, France. p.58.Google Scholar
Bailey, M.J., Biely, P. and Poutanen, K. (1992) Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. Journal of Biotechnology, 23: 257270.Google Scholar
Barletta, A. (2010) Introduction: Current Market and Expected Developments; in: Partridge, G.G.; Bedford, M.R. (Eds.), In Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition, 2nd edition. Publisher: CABI North American Office, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, pp. 111Google Scholar
Bedford, M.R. and Morgan, A.J. (1996) The use of enzymes in poultry diets. World's Poultry Science Journal 52, 6168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedford, M.R. and Classen, H.L. (1992) The influence of dietary xylanase on intestinal viscosity and molecular weight distribution of carbohydrates in rye-fed broiler chicks. In: Visser, J, Beldman, G, Kusters-van Someren, MA, Voragen, AGJ, editors. Xylans and Xylanases, Progress in Biotechnology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp 361–70.Google Scholar
Bedford, M. and Partridge, G. (2001) Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhat, M.K. (2000) Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnology Advances, 18, 355383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiou, P.W.S., B. Yu, B., Wu, S.T., Liu, C.C. and Gauthier, R. (2007) Effects of enzyme inclusion in a maize–soybean diet on broiler performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology 134 (3–4), 283294.Google Scholar
Choct, M. and Annison, G. (1992) Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: role of viscosity and gut microflora. British Poultry Science, 33:821834.Google Scholar
Cosson, T., Perez Vendrell, A.M., Gonzalez Teresa, B., Rene, D., Taillade, P. and Brufau, J. (1999) Enzymatic assays for xylanase and β-glucanase feed enzymes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 77; 345353.Google Scholar
Cowan, W.D. (1996) Animal feed. In: Godfrey, T, West, S, editors. Industrial Enzymology. 2nd ed.London; Macmillan Press. 360–71.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J. and Ravindran, V. (2008) Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. British Poultry Science 49 (1), 3744.Google Scholar
Debyser, W., Peumans, W.J., Van Damme, E.J.M. and Delcour, J.A. (1999) Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI), a new class of enzyme inhibitor affecting breadmaking performance. Journal of Cereal Science 30, 3943.Google Scholar
Gaffney, M, Doyle, S and Murphy, R. (2009) Optimisation of xylanase production by Thermomyces lanuginosus in solid state fermentation. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 73 (12), 26402644.Google Scholar
Galante, Y.M, De Conti, A.And Monteverdi, R. (1998) Application of Trichoderma enzymes in food and feed industries. In: Harman, GF, Kubicek, CP, editors. Trichoderma & Gliocladium—Enzymes, biological control and commercial applications. London: Taylor & Francis. 327–42.Google Scholar
Glamočić, D., Polovinski-Horvatović, M., Ivković, M., Beuković, D. and Bjedov, S. (2011) Effects of enzymes supplementation on digestibility and energy utilisations of broilers diets with different metabolizable energy level. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27 (3), 583590.Google Scholar
Glenney, P. and Filer, K. (2005) Development of an analytical method for the analysis of acid proteases in feed samples. Poster Presentation at ADSA/ASAS Joint Annual Meeting - July 24–28, 2005 Cincinnati, OHGoogle Scholar
Gusakov, A.V., Kondratyeva, E.G., and Sinitsyn, A.P. (2011) Comparison of two methods for assaying reducing sugars in the determination of carbohydrase activities. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 2011, Article ID 283658, 4 pages, 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/283658.Google Scholar
Hesselman, K., Elwinger, K. and Thomke, S. (1982) Influence of increasing levels of β-glucanase on the productive value of barley diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 7: 5158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hew, L.I., Ravindran, V., Mollah, Y. and Bryden, W.L. (1998) Influence of exogenous xylanase supplementation on apparent metabolisable energy and amino acid digestibility in wheat for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 75 (2), 8392.Google Scholar
Jefferies, T.W., Yang, V.W. and Davis, M.W. (1998) Comparative study of xylanase kinetics using dinitrosalicylic, arsenomolybdate, and ion chromatographic assays. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 70–72, 257265.Google Scholar
Kalmendal, R. and Tauson, R. (2012) Effects of a xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilisation, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-soybean meal-based diet. Poultry Science 91 (6), 1387–93.Google Scholar
Krzysztof, Z., K., Gogol, D. and Koreleski, J. (1999) Simultaneous application of phytase and xylanase to broiler feeds based on wheat: in vitro measurements of phosphorus and pentose release from wheat and wheat-based feeds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79: 18321840.Google Scholar
Levin, L., Herrmann, C. and Papinutti, V. L. (2008) Optimisation of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii in solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 39 (1), 207214.Google Scholar
McLauchlan, W.R., Flatman, R.H., Sancho, A.I. and Kakuta, J. (1999) Xylanase inhibitors from cereals: implications for baking, brewing and plant technology; in: Simoinene, T; Tenkanen, M. (Eds.), 2nd European Symposium on Enzymes in Grain Processing. Publisher: VTT, Finland pp. 5561.Google Scholar
Mehri, M. and Shirmohammad, F. (2011) Effects of dietary supplementation of multi-enzyme complex on the energy utilisation in rooster and performance of broiler chicks. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(38), 75417547.Google Scholar
Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry 31; 426428.Google Scholar
Milagres, A.M.F., Magalhaes, P.O. and Ferraz, A. (2005) Purification and properties of a xylanase from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora cultivated on Pinus taeda. FEMS Microbiology Letters 253 (2), 267272.Google Scholar
Peng, J., Li, Y., Fang, Z., Dai, J., Partridge, G. and Ru, Y. (2010) Corn extrusion and enzyme addition improves digestibility of corn/soy based diets by pigs: In vitro and in vivo studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 158, 146154.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V. (2013) Feed enzymes: the science, practice, and metabolic realities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22:628636.Google Scholar
Rexen, B. (1981) Use of enzymes for the improvement of feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 6:105–14.Google Scholar
Simone, G. and Robouch, P. (2014) EURL-FA Guide: Protocol for verification studies of single laboratory/in-house validated methods. Working document v3.00. European Commission, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/EURLFA-technical%20guide%20for%20validation%20and%20verification%20v2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, N. (2010) Analysis of Enzymes, principles and Problems: Developments in Enzyme Analysis; in: Partridge, G.G.; Bedford, M.R. (Eds.), in Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition, 2nd edition.; Publisher: CABI North American Office, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, 260272.Google Scholar
Teixiera, R.S.S., da Silva, A.S., Ferreira-Leitão, V.S., da Silva Bon, E.P. (2012) Amino acids interference on the quantification of reducing sugars by the 3,5-dinitrosalicyclic acid assay mislead carbohydrase activity measurements. Carbohydrate Research, 363: 3337.Google Scholar
Walsh, G.A., Power, R.F. and Headon, D.R. (1993) Enzymes in animal feed industry. Trends in Biotechnology 11:424–30.Google Scholar
Zakaria, H.A.H., Jalal, M.A.R. and Abu Ishmais, M.A. (2010) The influence of supplemental multi-enzyme feed additive on the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 9 (2), 126133.Google Scholar
Ziebal, R. (2005) Pitfalls and challenges for the official control of enzymes in feed. The International Debate Conference for the Feed and Food Chain; Antimicrobial Growth Promoters: Worldwide Ban on the Horizon?; Bilthoven, the Netherlands; 31st January – 1st February.Google Scholar