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Woodrow Wilson and World War I: A Reappraisal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2009

J. A. Thompson
J. A. Thompson
Affiliation:
Fellow of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge CB2 1RL. He wishes to thank Stefan Collini, Richard Crockatt, Sterling J. Kernek, James T. Patterson, David Reynolds, Michael Sewell, Zara Steiner, and Robert H. Wiebe for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. He is particularly indebted to Professor Kernek whose writings and conversation have significantly influenced his views on this subject.
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Extract

Woodrow Wilson was the first American President to leave the Western Hemisphere during his period of office, and, as befitted him, the circumstances in which he did so were neither casual nor frivolous. He went to Europe in late 1918 to take part in the peace conference following a war that the United States had played a crucial part in bringing to a decisive end. His aim was to secure a peace that accorded with the proposals he had set out in his Fourteen Points address of January 1918 and in other speeches — a peace that would be based upon justice and thus secure consent, that would embody liberal principles(the self-determination of peoples as far as practicable, the prohibition of discriminatory trade barriers), and that would be maintained by a new international organization in which the United States, breaking its tradition of isolation, would take part — a league of nations that would provide a general guarantee of “political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.”

The symbolism of this dramatic moment, with the American prophet coming to bring redemption to the Old World, imprinted on the minds of contemporaries an image of Wilson which has affected most subsequent historiography. Viewing events from Vienna, that special victim of the First World War, Sigmund Freud found “the figure of the American President, as it rose above the horizon of Europeans, from the first unsympathetic, and… this aversion increased in the course of years the more I learned about him and the more severely we suffered from the consequences of his intrusion into our destiny.”

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of American Studies , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , December 1985 , pp. 325 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

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References

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