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More English than the English: Cavalier and Democrat in Virginia Historical Writing, 1870–1930

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2009

Michael D. Clark
Affiliation:
Professor of History, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, U.S.A.

Extract

Nothing in the literature and historiography of Virginia is more familiar than the “myth of the cavalier.” The term applies most strictly to the notion that royalist refugees of the English Civil War “were the immediate ancestors of the aristocracy which prevails in Virginia to this day,” as William Alexander Caruthers wrote in The Cavaliers of Virginia in 1834. It quickly became conventional to extend the usage to the descendants as well as the ancestors, and twenty years later another novelist, John Esten Cooke, found it natural to invoke the “beautiful dames and gallant cavaliers” of Virginia society in the period of the American Revolution.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

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References

1 Caruthers, William Alexander, The Cavaliers of Virginia, or The Recluse of Jamestown: An Historical Romance of the Old Dominion, 2 vols. (1835; rept. Ridgewood, N.J.: The Gregg Press, 1968), 1, 4Google Scholar; Cooke, John Esten, The Virginia Comedians; or, Old Days in the Old Dominion, 2 vols. (New York: D. Appleton, 1883), 2, 107.Google ScholarWatson, Ritchie Devon provides an extended treatment of the literary uses of the cavalier myth in The Cavalier in Virginia Fiction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

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8 Watson, , 37, 133.Google Scholar Wertenbaker noted the party meaning of the term “cavalier” in Patrician and Plebeian, 45.Google ScholarBeaty, John O. characterized Cooke as “very democratic” for his time and place in John Esten Cooke, Virginian (New York, Columbia University Press, 1922), 1.Google Scholar

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12 Page, , Old South, 106–7Google Scholar; Page, Thomas Nelson, The Old Dominion: Her Making and Her Manners (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908), 366Google Scholar; Page, , Three Hundredth Anniversary, 16, 22.Google ScholarFlusche, Michael in “Thomas Nelson Page: The Quandary of a Literary Gentleman,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 84 (1976), 478–79Google Scholar, comments that Page depicted colonial Virginia “alternately as aristocratic or democratic.” I would emphasize Page's efforts to combine the two views.

13 Jones, Augustine, The Life and Work of Thomas Dudley, the Second Governor of Massachusetts (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899), 52.Google Scholar

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16 Page, , Three Hundredth Anniversary, 1112, 18, 27.Google Scholar

17 Ibid., 14–19, 27–8.

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19 Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, A Criticism by Lyon Gardiner Tyler of History of the American People by David S. Muzzey, of Massachusetts, 2nd ed. rev. (Richmond: Richmond Press, 1932), 5, 13Google Scholar, and passim. See also Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, Virginia Principles: Address of Dr. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, before the Waynesboro (Va.) Historical Society, October 11, 1927 (Richmond: Richmond Press, 1928), 17.Google Scholar

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