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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 January 2009
Like other unusual “ New Englanders ” of the post-Civil-War era — Henry James, George Santayana, W. E. B. DuBois — Henry Adams needed to cross his native with an alien culture before he could flourish. The fusion was made possible by the stroke of fortune which in 1861 sent his father as American Minister, accompanied by Henry as his private secretary, to England.
1 History of the United States, 1801–1817, 9 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889–1891), 1, 144, 146Google Scholar.
2 Griscom, Lloyd, Diplomatically Speaking (Boston: Little, Brown, 1940), p. 38Google Scholar, in Samuels, Ernest, The Young Henry Adams (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1948), p. 121CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
3 16 Apr. 1911, Ford, Worthington C., ed., Letters of Henry Adams, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930–1938), 2, 566nGoogle Scholar. Copyright 1938 by Worthington C. Ford.
4 To Charles Adams, 27 Feb. 1896, Ford, , Letters, 2, 102. (“Charles Adams” refers to Henry's brother, Charles Francis Adams Jr. Their father, the American Minister, is called here “C. F. Adams.”)Google Scholar
5 To Charles Adams, 20 Mar. 1863, Adams MS, Massachusetts Historical Society. Quotations from unpublished letters between Henry and Charles Adams from 1861 to 1868 are taken from photostats in the Adams Papers, by permission of the Massachusetts Historical Society. All other quotations from the Adams Papers prior to 1890 are from the microfilm edition, by permission of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
6 To Adams, Charles, 10 06 1861, Letters, 1, 92Google Scholar.
7 12 Feb., 1862, Cater, Harold, ed., Henry Adams and His Friends (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947), p. 14Google Scholar. Copyright 1947 by Harold Dean Cater.
8 10 Jan., 14 Feb. 1862, Adams MS.
9 London Times, 10 01 1862Google Scholar.
10 The Education of Henry Adams, ed. Samuels, Ernest (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), p, 121. Copyright renewed 1946 by Charles Francis AdamsGoogle Scholar.
11 History of the United States, 7, 5, 16.
12 Education, pp. 130–31.
13 To Abigail Adams, 6 Mar. 1860, Ford, , Letters, 1, 56Google Scholar.
14 To Charles Adams, 14 Feb. 1862, Ford, Worthington C., ed., A Cycle of Adams Letters, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920), 1, 113Google Scholar. Copyright 1920 by Worthington C. Ford.
15 To Frederick Seward, 4 Apr. 1862, in Vandersee, Charles, “Henry Adams Behind the Scenes,” Bulletin of the New York Public Library (04 1967)Google Scholar.
16 To Charles Adams, 30 Nov. 1861, Ford, Cycle, 1, 77.
17 30 Jan., 14 Feb. 1862, Vandersee, “Henry Adams Behind the Scenes.”
18 To Charles Adams, 19 July 1862, Adams MS.
19 To F. Seward, 20 Mar. 1863, Vandersee, “Henry Adams Behind the Scenes.”
20 Moran, Benjamin, The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865, ed. Wallace, Sarah and Gillespie, Frances, 2 vols. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1948–1949), 2, 1159 (4 May 1863)Google Scholar.
21 Adams's report to Seward is in New England Quarterly (Dec. 1942), pp. 725–28.
22 27 [Mar. (misdated Jan.)] 1863, Adams MS. That Adams exaggerated the potential sympathy of the English working classes for the North is strongly suggested by Mary Ellison's study of Lancashire, , Support for Secession (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1972)Google Scholar.
23 To Abigail Adams, 6 May 1860, Ford, , Letters, 1, 60Google Scholar.
24 To Charles Adams, 22 May 1862, Adams MS.
25 To Charles Adams, 1 May 1863, Adams MS.
26 John Q. Adams to Charles Adams (typescript), 15 Feb. 1864, Adams MS.
27 To Charles Adams, 20 Mar. 1863, Ford, , Letters, 1, 97Google Scholar.
28 To Charles Adams, 3 June 1864, Adams MS.
29 To Charles Adams, 10 May 1865, Adams MS.
30 History of the United States, 1, 84.
31 12 Nov. 1882, Adams MS.
32 21 Aug. 1878, Adams MS.
33 To Cunliffe, 11 Sept. 1880, Adams MS.
34 To Gaskell, 21 Aug. 1878, Adams MS.
35 History of the United States, 4, 59–60.
36 The Education of Henry Adams, p. 30.
37 To Charles Adams, 13 Feb. 1863, Adams MS.
38 To Charles Adams, 18 June 1863, Adams MS.
39 Education, p. 144.
40 To Charles Adams, 17 July 1863, Adams MS.
41 To Charles Adams, 5 June 1863, Adams MS.
42 To Charles Adams, 6 Apr. 1859, Ford, , Letters, 1, 27Google Scholar.
43 To Charles Adams, 22 Apr. 1859, Ford, , Letters, 1, 31Google Scholar.
44 23 Oct. 1863, Adams MS.
45 Charles Adams to John Q. Adams (typescript), 15 02. 1864, Adams MS; Charles Adams to J. G. Palfrey, 21 02. 1864, Cater transcripts, Harold Cater MS, Mass. Hist. Society.
46 To Charles Adams, 20 Mar. 1863, Ford, , Letters, 1, 97Google Scholar.
47 Henry to Charles, 25 June 1863, Ford, , Letters, 1, 99Google Scholar.
48 Henry to Charles Adams, 21 May 1869, Ford, , Letters, 1, 160Google Scholar.
49 Education, p. 205.
50 26 Sept. 1880, Adams MS.
51 8 May, 18 July 1890, Adams MS.
52 To Gaskell, 29 June 1909, Ford, , Letters, 2, 519nGoogle Scholar.
53 Marian Adams to R. W. Hooper, 11 03. 1873, Thoron, Ward, ed., Letters of Mrs. Henry Adams (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1936), pp. 82–83Google Scholar; and inferences from Gaskell, Charles Milnes, “The Country Gentleman,” Nineteenth Century (09 1882), p. 468Google Scholar.
54 Gaskell to Adams, 24 Oct. 1892, Adams MS.
55 Education, p. 207.
56 James, Henry, The Portrait of a Lady (New York: Scribner's “New York Edition,” 1908), 1, 143–44Google Scholar.
57 30 Sept., 7 Oct. 1864, Adams MS.
58 28 Mar. 1870, Ford, , Letters, 1, 184Google Scholar; As You Like It (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1965), III, ii, 275Google Scholar.
59 Marian to R. W. Hooper, 26 July 1872, 23 07 1873, Thoron, , Letters, pp. 18, 133Google Scholar.
60 History, i, 181; Ford, , Letters, i, 165, 166, 169, 170Google Scholar.
61 9 Mar. [1880], James MS, quoted by permission of the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
62 Edel, Leon, Henry James: The Conquest of London (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1962), p. 382Google Scholar. Copyright © 1962 by Leon Edel. Reprinted by permission of J. B. Lippincott Co.
63 James doubtless knew that the name of his friend's family had originally been “Milnes.” “Gaskell” had been suffixed in connection with an inheritance from a relation, who bore that surname.
64 James to Adams, 15 July [1877], Theodore Dwight MS, Mass. Hist. Society; and a letter (James to his mother, 18 Jan. 1879?) cited in Edel, p. 336.
65 Portrait of a Lady (“New York edition”), 1, 9, 97, 102, 107, 155.
66 Ibid., I, 181, 183, 97, 189.
67 6, 12 Nov. 1891, Adams MS.
68 Adams to Elizabeth Cameron, 18 01. 1892, Adams MS.
69 To Elizabeth Cameron, ii Jan. 1892.
70 Matthiessen, F. O. and Murdock, K. B., eds., The Notebooks of Henry James (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1947)Google Scholar, 5 Feb. 1892. The insertions within brackets are my inferences. Cf. notes 71, 73, 75 below.
71 Frank Palgrave to Adams, 6 July, 27 Sept. 1871, Dwight MS. “Otiose” is underlined in the original.
72 30 Dec. 1867, Ford, , Letters, 1, 139Google Scholar.
73 To Ralph Palmer, 21 11. 1868, Adams MS.
74 To Gaskell, 18 May 1884, Adams MS.
75 18 Jan. 1892; also 23 Jan. 1892, Adams MS.
76 To Adams, 11 Apr. 1894, Adams MS.
77 North American Review (Apr. 1874).
78 To Charles Adams, 29 05 1863, Adams MS.
79 North American Review (07 1871), p. 211Google Scholar; Hamlet (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), V, ii, 217–18Google Scholar.
80 History of the United States, 1, 79.
81 Gaskell, , “The Position of the Whigs,” Nineteenth Century (12 1881), p. 903Google Scholar.
82 History, 4, 27.
83 North American Review (04 1872), p. 426Google Scholar.
84 “The Country Gentleman,” Nineteenth Century (09 1882), p. 473Google Scholar.
85 “The Position of the Whigs,” Nineteenth Century (12 1881), p. 912Google Scholar.
86 The Portrait of a Lady, 1, 98.
87 “The Position of the Whigs,” p. 902.
88 “The Country Gentleman,” pp. 462, 466.
89 “The Position of the Whigs,” p. 905.
90 Education, p. 211.
91 Cf. History, 1, 183–84.
92 To Gaskell, 25 Mar. 1883; to John Hay, 8 04. 1883, Adams MS.
93 London Courier, 27 July 1813, in History, 7, 359.
94 21 May 1869, Ford, , Letters, 1, 160Google Scholar.
95 Adams to Gaskell, 25 Nov. 1877, Adams MS.