Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T03:21:21.787Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soil changes following long-term cultivation of pulses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2009

A. N. GANESHAMURTHY
A. N. GANESHAMURTHY*
Affiliation:
Division of Crop Production, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208 024, India
*
Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Studies were conducted on Entisols to understand the effects of continuous pulse cultivation on soil chemical, physical and biological properties by comparing with continuous non-pulse crops and uncultivated soils. Soils of a Typic Ustochrept, developed from the same parent material, from 16-year-old pulse cultivation fields, non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallow fields in a location with uniform topography were analysed using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil physical and chemical analysis, culture-dependent and independent microbiological analysis and enzymatic analysis. Among the soil physical properties, only soil aggregate stability and soil compaction showed significant improvement in soils under pulses than non-pulse crops. Compared to uncultivated fallows, the soil pH after pulse cultivation was about 1 unit lower while non-pulse crop cultivation reduced it by 0·36. The chemical and biological variables that contribute most to the discrimination of the pulses effect and non-pulse crops effect on soil quality are organic carbon (C), microbial biomass C, nitrogen (N) and biomass ninhydrin-N, and secondary variables related to N cycle:nitrate (NO3–N), organic and total soluble N. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in soils after pulse cultivation than after non-pulse crops or uncultivated fallow. The soil quality of pulse cultivation fields seems to be markedly different to that of non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallows in terms of all the variables studied.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 147 , Issue 6 , December 2009 , pp. 699 - 706
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Present address: Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore 560 089, India.

References

REFERENCES

Alef, K. & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ali, M., Ganeshamurthy, A. N. & Srinivasarao, C. H. (2002). Role of pulses on soil health and sustainable crop production. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 15, 107–117.Google Scholar
Amézketa, E. (1999). Soil aggregate stability: a review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 14, 83–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASAE (1999). Procedures for Using and Reporting Data Obtained with the Soil Cone Penetrometer. ASAE Standard EP542. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers.Google Scholar
Bending, G. D., Turner, M. K., Rayns, F., Marx, M. C. & Wood, M. (2004). Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, 1785–1792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatnagar, G. S. & Chaplot, P. C. (1996). Long term studies on relative efficiency of legume and cereal based cropping systems. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 9, 14–17.Google Scholar
Blake, G. R. & Hartge, K. H. (1986). Bulk density. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd edn (Ed. Klute, A.), pp. 363–375. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Bremner, J. M. & Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). Nitrogen – total. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (Eds Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.), pp. 595–624. Madison, WI: ASA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Brooks, P. C., Landman, A., Pruden, G. & Jenkinson, D. S. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method for measuring microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17, 837–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burket, J. Z. & Dick, R. P. (1998). Microbial and soil parameters in relation to N mineralization in soils of diverse genesis under differing management systems. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27, 430–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casida, L. E. Jr., Klein, D. A. & Santoro, R. (1964). Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Science 98, 371–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalal, R. C., Strong, W. M., Weston, E. J., Cahil, M. J., Cooper, J. E., Lehane, K. J., King, A. J. & Gaffney, J. (1994). Evaluation of forage and grain legumes, no-till and fertilizer to restore fertility of degraded soils. In Transactions of the 15th World Congress of Soil Science Acapulco, Mexico, 10–16 July 2004 (Ed. Etchevers, J. D.), pp. 62–74. Acapulco, Mexico: The International Society of Soil Science and Mexican Society of Soil Science.Google Scholar
Dodor, D. E. & Tabatabai, M. A. (2003). Amidohydrolases in soils as affected by cropping systems. Applied Soil Ecology 24, 73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doran, J. W. & Parkin, T. B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. In Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment (Eds Doran, J. W., Coleman, D. C., Bezicek, D. F. & Stewart, B. A.), pp. 3–21. SSSA Publication No. 35. Madison, WI: SSSA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, L. E., Letourneau, D. K., Workneh, F., Van Bruggen, A. H. C. & Shennan, C. (1995). Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in California. Ecological Applications 5, 1098–1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eivazi, F. & Tabatabai, M. A. (1988). Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20, 601–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Ali, M. & Srinivasarao, C. H. (2004). Role of pulses in soil health and sustainable crop production. Indian Journal of Fertilizers 49, 71–86.Google Scholar
Gardner, W. H. (1986). Water content. In Methods of Soil Analysis Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd edn (Ed. Klute, A.), pp. 493–544. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Gupta, U. C. (1967). A simplified method for determining hot water soluble boron in Podzol soils. Soil Science 103, 424–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulugalle, N. R. & Lal, R. (1986). Root growth of maize in a compacted gravelly tropical Alfisol as affected by rotation with a woody perennial. Field Crops Research 13, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herridge, D. F., Marcellos, H., Felton, W. L., Turner, G. L. & Peoples, M. B. (1995). Chickpea increases soil N fertility in cereal systems through nitrate sparing and N2 fixation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 27, 545–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenson, E. S. & Haahr, V. (1990). The effect of pea cultivation on succeeding winter cereals and winter oilseed rape N nutrition. Applied Agricultural Research 5, 102–107.Google Scholar
Joergensen, R. G. (1995). The fumigation–extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass: extraction with 0·01 m CaCl2. Agribiology Research 48, 319–324.Google Scholar
Joergensen, R. G. & Brookes, P. C. (1990). Ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen measurements of microbial in 0·5 m K2SO4 soil extract. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22, 1023–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joergensen, R. G. & Mueller, T. (1996). The fumigation extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass: calibration of k EN value. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, 33–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandeler, E. & Gerber, H. (1988). Short term assay of soil Urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium. Biology and Fertility of Soils 6, 68–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandeler, E. & Murer, E. (1993). Aggregate stability and soil microbial processes in a soil with different cultivation. Geoderma 56, 503–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlen, D. L., Gardner, J. C. & Rosek, M. J. (1998). A soil quality framework for evaluating the impact of CRP. Journal of Production Agriculture 11, 56–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, B. D. (1990). Rates of change of soil structure under different cropping systems. Advances in Soil Science 12, 1–52.Google Scholar
Keeny, D. R. & Nelson, D. W. (1982). Nitrogen inorganic forms. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (Eds Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.), pp. 643–698. Madison, WI: ASA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Kemper, W. D. & Rosenau, R. C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In Methods of Soil Analysis Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd edn (Ed. Klute, A.), pp. 425–442. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Klose, S. & Tabatabai, M. A. (2000). Urease activity of microbial biomass in soils as affected by cropping systems. Biology and Fertility of Soil 31, 191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. & Niggli, U. (2002). Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science 296, 1694–1697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenzie, N., Coughlan, K. & Cresswell, H. (2002). Soil Physical Measurement and Interpretation for Land Evaluation. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, D. W. & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (Eds Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.), pp. 539–579. Madison, WI: ASA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Newaj, R. & Yadav, D. S. (1994). Changes in physico-chemical properties of soil under intensive cropping systems. Indian Journal of Agronomy 39, 373–378.Google Scholar
Olsen, S. R. & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Phosphorus. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (Eds Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.), pp. 403–430. Madison, WI: ASA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Parayil, G. (1992). The Green Revolution in India: a case study of technological change. Technology and Culture 33, 737–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rego, T. J. & Seeling, B. (1996). Long term effects of legume based cropping systems on soil nitrogen status and mineralisation in Vertisols. In Roots and Nitrogen in Cropping Systems of the Semiarid Tropics (Eds Ito, O., Johansen, C., Adu Gyamfi, J. J., Katayama, K., Kumara Rao, J. V. D. K. & Rego, T. J.), pp. 469–479. Tsukuba, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences.Google Scholar
Rego, T. J., Seeling, B., Nageshwar Rao, V., Pardharardhi, G. & Kumararao, J. V. D. K. (2001). Long term consequences of legume in rice-wheat cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Biology and Ecology 15, 127–134.Google Scholar
Robinson, C. A., Cruse, R. M. & Kohler, K. A. (1994). Soil management. In Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Eds Holifield, J. L. & Karlon, D. K.), pp. 109–134. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Salamanca, E. F., Raubuch, M. & Joergensen, R. G. (2002). Relationships between soil microbial indices in secondary tropical forest soils. Applied Soil Ecology 21, 211–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarrantonio, M., Doran, J. W., Liebig, M. A. & Halvorson, J. J. (1996). On-farm assessment of soil quality and health. In Methods for Assessing Soil Quality (Eds Doran, J. W. & Jones, A. J.), pp. 83–106. SSSA Special Publication No. 49. Madison, WI: SSSA.Google Scholar
Seybold, C. A., Mausbach, M. J., Karlen, D. L. & Rogers, H. H. (1997). Quantification of soil quality. In Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (Eds Lal, R., Kimble, J. K., Follett, R. F. & Stewart, B. A.), pp. 387–404. Washington, DC: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Singh, G. & Sandhu, H. S. (1980). Studies on multiple cropping II. Effect of crop rotations on physical and chemical properties of soils. Indian Journal of Agronomy 25, 57–67.Google Scholar
Srivastava, J. P. & Mukhopadhyay, M. (1997). Sustainable Intensification of Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems in India. Prepared for the Seminar on Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Production Systems, Learning and Leadership Center. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available online at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/04/19/000094946_02040504224129/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf (verified 4 May 2009).Google Scholar
Swaroop, A. & Ganeshamurthy, A. N. (1998). Emerging nutrient deficiencies in intensive cropping systems and their remediation. Fertiliser News 43, 37–50.Google Scholar
Tabatabai, M. A. & Bremner, J. M. (1969). Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1, 301–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamboli, B. D., Daftardar, S. Y. & Shinde, B. N. (1999). Effect of legume cropping on soil reaction at soil–root interface. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 47, 141–43.Google Scholar
Thomas, G. W. (1982). Exchangeable cations. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (Eds Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.), pp. 159–165. Madison, WI: ASA, SSSA.Google Scholar
Van Bruggen, A. H. C. & Semenov, A. M. (2000). In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression. Applied Soil Ecology 15, 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C. & Jenkinson, D. S. (1987). An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19, 703–707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Diepeningen, A. D., De Vos, O. J., Korthals, G. W. & Van Bruggen, A. H. C. (2006). Effects of organic versus conventional management on chemical and biological parameters in agricultural soils. Applied Soil Ecology 31, 120–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wani, S. P., Rupela, O. P. & Lee, K. K. (1995). Sustainable agriculture in the semi arid tropics through biological N2 fixation in grain legumes. Plant and Soil 174, 29–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, M. R. (1997). Soil quality characteristics during conversion to organic orchard management. Applied Soil Ecology 5, 151–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. H. & Steinberg, A. (1959). Soil sulphur fractions as chemical indices of available sulphur in some Australian soils. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 10, 340–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J., Joergensen, R. G., Pommerening, B., Chaussod, R. & Brookes, P. C. (1990). Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation–extraction: an automated procedure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22, 1167–1169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar