Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:47:55.297Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationships between time, temperature, daylength and development in spring barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

D. Wright  and
Ll. G. Hughes
D. Wright
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University College of North Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL51 2UW
Ll. G. Hughes
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University College of North Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL51 2UW
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effects of sowing date on leaf appearance, spikelet initiation and mainstem apical development in spring barley cv. Triumph were investigated in field experiments involving 13 sowings made during the period 22 February to 1 July over the years 1982–1985. Delaying sowing was associated with faster rates and shorter durations of leaf appearance and spikelet initiation and earlier attainment of all stages of apex development. The rates of leaf appearance and spikelet initiation were correlated with daylength at crop emergence although there was evidence that the latter process was also influenced by temperature. The derivation of three models relating the duration of developmental phases to temperature and/or daylength is described. In these models the attainment of successive stages of apical development was assumed to require the perception by the crop of a ‘threshold amount’ (THR) of accumulated temperature (THR(ΣT)) and/or daylength (THR(ΣPT), THR(ΣP)) above certain base values (TbPb). The base values of temperature and/or daylength for each phase were derived as those values which minimized the coefficient of variation of the amounts of accumulated temperature and/or daylength experienced by all 13 sowings. For various developmental phases the model based on temperature gave base values between 0 and 3 °C. The model based on daylength gave base values between 11 and 13 h. In both these models there was a highly significant correlation between observed and expected dates of attainment of various stages of apex development. It is suggested that the derived relationships between temperature, daylength and apical development could be used as an aid in the forward planning of crop management. The model based on temperature and daylength (photothermal time) gave no useful base values and it is concluded that more precise methods of relating development to these factors must be sought.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 109 , Issue 2 , October 1987 , pp. 365 - 373
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1966). Smithsonian Meteorological Tables. Washington: Smithsonian institution.Google Scholar
Appleton, R. J. & Haggar, P. H. F. (1985). Apical timed N could add precision to ADAS recommendations. Arable Farming 12 (2), 26–30.Google Scholar
Baker, C. K. & Gallagher, J. N. (1983). The development of winter wheat in the field. 2. The control of primordium initiation rate by temperature and photoperiod. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101, 337–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C. K., Gallagher, J. N. & Monteith, J. L. (1980). Daylength change and leaf appearance in winter wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 3, 285–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R. P. & Russell, G. (1984). Plant development and grain yield in spring and winter barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 85–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, J. N., Biscoe, P. V. & Scott, R. K. (1976). Barley and its environment. VI. Growth and development in relation to yield. Journal of Applied Ecology 13, 563–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, J. N. & Biscoe, P. V. (1979). Field studies of cereal leaf growth. III. Barley leaf extension in relation to temperature, irradiance and water potential. Journal of Experimental Botany 30, 645–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, J. L. & Allen, E. J. (1986). Development in barley (Jordeum sativum). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 107, 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. (1974). Ear development in spring wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82, 437–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1982). Effect of sowing date on the temperature response of leaf emergence and leaf size in barley. Plant, Celland Environment 5, 477–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1985a). Effect of sowing date and variety on main shoot leaf emergence and number of leaves of barley and wheat. Agronomie 5 (2), 117–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1985 b). Variation in development of wheat and barley in response to sowing date and variety. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 104, 383–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. & Ellis, R. P. (1980). A comparison of spring barley grown in England and in Scotland. 1. Shoot apex development. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, G., Ellis, R. P., Brown, J., Milbourn, G. M. & Hayter, A. M. (1982). The development and yield of autumn and spring sown barley in south east Scotland. Annals of Applied Biology 100, 167–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, A. H., Bragg, P. L., Porter, J. R. &. Rayner, J. H. (1984). A winter wheat crop simulation model without water or nutrient limitations. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 371–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar