Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:48:17.293Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of particle size and surface area on in vitro rates of gas production, lipolysis of triacylglycerol and hydrogenation of linoleic acid by sheep rumen digesta or Ruminococcus flavefaciens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. Gerson ,
A. S. D. King ,
Kathleen E. Kelly  and
W. J. Kelly
T. Gerson
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Biotechnology Division, Palmerston North, New Zealand
A. S. D. King
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Biotechnology Division, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Kathleen E. Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Biotechnology Division, Palmerston North, New Zealand
W. J. Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Biotechnology Division, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Particulate fractions prepared from meadow hay, ranging in size from 0·1 to 2 mm, were incubated with rumen digesta from four cannulated Romney sheep fed the same hay. The rates of gas production, lipolysis of corn oil and hydrogenation of linoleic acid were measured.

The rate of gas production per g fermentable particles (FP) was approximately 30% lower with 1–2 mm than with the 0·1–0·4 mm particles. However, per m2 surface area the rate for the larger particles was found to be approximately 600% greater.

The rates of lipolysis of triacylglycerols and hydrogenation of linoleic acid were respectively 25 and 60% higher per g FP and 1100 and 1200% higher per m2 FP surface area with the 1–2 mm particulate fraction.

The same hay particulate fractions were incubated with pure cultures of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, since this organism is active in both lipid metabolism and cellulose fermentation. The rate of gas production and the number of organisms adhering to the particles were determined.

The effects of particle size on gas production were similar to those found when incubations were carried out with rumen digesta. Per g FP the rate was 40% lower with 1–2 mm than with 0·1–0·4 mm particles. However, per m2 surface area the rate was found to be approximately 450% greater with the former.

It was further found that although the density of the bacterial population on 1–2 mm particles was 600% higher than on the 0·1–0·4 mm particles, the rate of gas production per 109 bacteria remained unchanged.

We conclude that per m2 surface area fermentation, lipolysis and hydrogenation were more rapid with particles ranging from 1 to 2 than from 0·1 to 0·4 mm in size. This was due, at least in part, to microbial population density.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 110 , Issue 1 , February 1988 , pp. 31 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akin, D. E., Amos, H. E., Burton, F. E. & Burdick, D. (1973). Rumen microbial degradation of grass tissue revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Agronomy Journal 65, 425–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balch, W. E., Fox, G. E., Magrum, L. J., Woese, C. R. & Wolfe, R. S. (1979). Methanogens: re-evaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiological Reviews 43, 260–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, R. T. J. & Naylor, G. E. (1978). Fluorescence microscopy of gut microbes. In Microbial Ecology (ed. Loutit, M. W. and Miles, J. A. R.), pp. 244–245. Berlin: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dafaalla, B. F. M. & Kay, R. N. B. (1980). Effect of hay particle size on retention time, dry matter digestibility and rumen pH in sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 39, 71A.Google Scholar
Dawson, R. M. C., Hemington, H. & Hazlewood, G. P. (1977). On the role of higher plant and microbial lipases in the ruminal hydrolysis of grass lipids. British Journal of Nutrition 38, 225–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ehle, F. R., Murphy, M. R. & Clark, J. H. (1982). In situ particle size reduction and the effect of particle size on degradation of crude protein and dry matter in the rumen of dairy steers. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 963–971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerson, T., John, A. & King, A. S. D. (1985). The effects of dietary starch and fibre on the in vitro rates of lipolysis and hydrogenation by sheep rumen digesta. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerson, T., John, A., Shelton, I. D. & Sinclair, B. R. (1982). Effects of dietary N on lipids of rumen digesta, plasma, liver, muscle and perirenal fat in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 71–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerson, T., John, A. & Sinclair, B. R. (1983). The effect of dietary N on in vitro lipolysis and fatty acid hydrogenation in rumen digesta from sheep fed diets high in starch. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101, 97–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C. & Hodgkiss, W. (1973). An electronmicroscopic study of Anaerovibrio lipolytica (Strain 5 S) and its lipolytic enzyme. Journal of General Microbiology 76, 389–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hungate, R. E. (1969). A roll-tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. Methods of Microbiology (ed. Marrie, J. R. and Ribbons, D. W.), 3B, pp. 117–132. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kemp, P. & Lander, D. J. (1984). Hydrogenation in vitro of α-linolenic acid to stearic acid by mixed cultures of pure strains of rumen bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 130, 527–533.Google Scholar
Kemp, P.White, R. W. & Lander, D. J. (1975). The hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by five bacterial isolates from sheep rumen, including a new species. Journal of General Microbiology 90, 100–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kepler, C. R., Hirons, K. P., McNeill, S. J. & Tove, S. B. (1966). Intermediates and products of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens. Journal of Biological Chemistry 241, 1350–1354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, M. R. & Nicoletti, J. M. (1984). Potential reduction of forage and rumen digesta particle size by microbial action. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 1221–1226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Netemeyer, D. T., Bush, L. J. & Owens, F. N. (1980). Effect of particle size of soybean meal on protein utilisation in steers and lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 574–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S. & Hawke, J. C. (1979). The in vitro lipolysis and biohydrogenation of monogalactosyldiglyceride by whole rumen contents and its fractions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30, 603–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulyatt, M. J., Waghorn, G. C., John, A., Reid, C. S. W. & Monro, J. (1984). Effect of intake and feeding frequency on feeding behaviour and quantitative aspects of digestion in sheep fed chaffed lucerne hay. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 645–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Gylswyk, N. O. & Schwartz, H. M. (1984). Microbial ecology of the rumen of animals fed high-fibre diets. In Herbivore Nutrition in the Subtropics and Tropics (ed. Gilchrist, F. M. C. and Mackie, R.), pp. 359–377. Craighall: Science Press.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. & Wine, R. H. (1967). Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists 50, 50–55.Google Scholar
Varley, J. A. (1966). Automatic methods for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant material. Analyst 91, 119–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar