Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T23:31:41.180Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fungicide effects on light leaf spot, canker, crop growth and yield of winter oil-seed rape

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

C. J. Rawlinson ,
G. Muthyalu  and
G. R. Cayley
C. J. Rawlinson
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ
G. Muthyalu
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ
G. R. Cayley
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Field experiments with rape ovs Primor, Jet Neuf and Norli during 1979–83 tested the effects of benomyl, prochloraz, imazalil, thiabendazole, metalaxyl or triadimefon sprays applied at different times on disease, crop growth and yield. The principal disease in all experiments was light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae).

A single spray in autumn of benomyl or prochloraz at 0·5 kg a.i./ha consistently decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot and sometimes decreased stem canker (Leptosphaeria macvlans). Under severe disease conditions in cv. Primor an autumn spray of fungicide contributed more to disease control than a spray in spring; a decrease in light leaf spot incidence was detectable up to 8 months after application. The autumn spray maintained plant population density, increased leaf area index, dry matter, crop growth rate, earliness of flowering, and yield by up to 0·69 t/ha; an autumn + spring spray increased yield by up to 0–83 t/ha. Effects on crop growth and yield were due to disease control not direct chemical stimulation of growth. Measurements of crop growth and population per unit area revealed the effects of fungicides more clearly than traditional disease assessments based solely on randomly selected plants.

Triadimefon sprayed on rape stubble at high dose rate (1 kg a.i./ha) decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot throughout the growing season of a subsequent rape crop, with beneficial effects on plant population density, growth, flowering and yield.

Electrostatically charged rotary atomizer and conventional hydraulic spray applications of fungicide were equally effective in disease control. A reduction to one quarter in dose rate of prochloraz and 100–fold reduction in amount of water carrier (125 g a.i. in 4·3 1/ha) when applied electrostatically in autumn or autumn + spring had similar effects on disease, crop growth and yield to those obtained with a conventional sprayer delivering 500 g a.i. prochloraz in 410 1/ha.

Fungicides, spray timing and methods of application are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of light leaf spot and canker and the economics of disease control.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 103 , Issue 3 , December 1984 , pp. 613 - 628
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1980). Varieties of oilseed rape in 1980. National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Farmers leaflet No. 9.Google Scholar
Anon. (1981). Varieties of oilseed rape 1981. National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Farmers Leaflet No. 9.Google Scholar
Anon. (1982a). Control of pests and diseases of oilseed rape 1982. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Booklet 2387.Google Scholar
Anon. (1982b). Varieties of oilseed rape 1982. National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Farmers leaflet No. 9.Google Scholar
Anon. (1983a). Autumn spraying of oilseed rape for light leaf spot. ADAS Eastern Region Plant Pathology Department Circular PP 83/61, 25 November 1983.Google Scholar
Anon. (1983b). La cylindrosporiose. Bulletin Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Oleagineux Metropolitains No. 84, 1983, p. 21.Google Scholar
Anon. (1983c). Oilseed rape; recent ADAS experimental work 1983. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Booklet 2285.Google Scholar
Arnold, A. J., Cayley, G. R., Dunne, Y., Etheridge, P., Greenway, A. R., Griffiths, D. C, Phillips, F. T., Pye, B. J., Rawlinson, C. J. & Scott, G. (1985). Biological effectiveness of electrostatically charged rotary atomisers. Part 3. Trials on arable crops other than cereals 1982. Annals of Applied Biology 105 (in the Press).Google Scholar
Arnold, A. J. & Pye, B. J. (1980). Spray application with charged rotary atomisers. In BCPC Monograph 24. Spraying Systems for the 1980s (ed. Walker, J. O.), pp. 109–117. Croydon: British Crop Protection Publications.Google Scholar
Brun, H., Renard, M., Jouan, B., Tanguy, X. & Lamarque, C. (1979). Observations pr^liminaires sur quelques maladies du colza en France: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cylindrosporium concentricum, Ramularia armoraciae. Science Agronomiques Rennes, 1979, 7–17.Google Scholar
Brunin, B. (1972). Action en champ du benomyl contre Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not., agent de la nécrose du collet de colza. Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 21, 143–149.Google Scholar
Buchenauer, H. (1979). Conversion of triadimefon into two diasteriomors, triadimenol I and triadimenol II, by fungi and plants. Abstract 939 IX International Congress of Plant Protection, Washington D.C. August 5–11, 1979.Google Scholar
Buchenauer, H. & Grossmann, F. (1977). Triadimefon: Mode of action in plants and fungi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 83, (Supplement 1), 93–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheah, L. H. & Corbin, J. B. (1981). Control of light leaf spot of brassicas (Pyrenopeziza brassicae Sutton & Rawlinson) with fungicides. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 391–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheah, L. H., Hartill, W. F. T. & Corbin, J. B. (1980). First report of the natural occurrence of Pyrenopeziza brassicae Sutton & Rawlinson in brassica crops in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18, 197–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, R. J. & Evans, E. J. (1978). Build up of diseases with intensification of oilseed rape in England. Proceedings 5th International Rapeseed Conference, Malmo 1, 333–337.Google Scholar
Evans, E. J. (1984). Pre-anthesis growth and its influence on seed yield in winter oilseed rape. Aspects of Applied Biology 6, 81–90.Google Scholar
Evans, E. J., Davies, J. M. L., Gladders, P., Hardwick, N. V., Hawkins, J. H., Jones, D. R. & Simkin, M. B. (1983). The occurrence and control of diseases of winter oilseed rape in England. Proceedings 6th International Rapeseed Conference, Paris 2, 1032–1037.Google Scholar
Evans, E. J. & Gladders, P. (1981). Diseases of winter oilseed rape and their control, East and Southeast England, 1977–81. Proceedings 1981 British Crop Protection Conference – Pests and Diseases 2, 505–512.Google Scholar
Evans, E. J., Gladders, P., Davies, J. M. L., Ellerton, D. R., Hardwick, N. V., Hawkins, J. H., Jones, D. R. & Simkin, M. B. (1984). Current status of disease and disease control of winter oilseed rape in England. Aspects of Applied Biology 6, 323–334.Google Scholar
Fitt, B. D. L., Rawlinson, C. J. & Smith, C. B. (1982). A comparison of two rain-activated switches used with samplers for spores dispersed by rain. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 105, 39–44.Google Scholar
Gilligan, C. A. (1980). Size and shape of sampling units for estimating incidence of stem canker on oilseed rape stubble in field plots after swathing. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 493–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gladders, P. & Musa, T. M. (1980). Observations on the epidemiology of Leptosphaeria maculans stem canker in winter oilseed rape. Plant Pathology 29, 28–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humpherson-Jones, F. M. (1983). Pathogenicity studies on isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans from brassica seed production crops in south-east England. Annals of Applied Biology 103, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humpherson-Jones, F. M. & Burchill, R. T. (1982). Chemical suppression of the sexual stage of Leptosphaeria maculans on oilseed rape and turnip seed crop straw. Annals of Applied Biology 100, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilott, T. W., Ingram, D. S. & Rawlinson, C. J. (1984). Heterothallism in Pyrenopeziza brassicae, cause of light leaf spot of brassicas. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 82, 477–483.Google Scholar
Jones, O. W., Davies, J. M. L. & Cook, R. J. (1975). Some observations on the control of Gylindrosporium concentricum (Gloeosporium concentricum), the cause of light leaf spot on oilseed rape. Proceedings 8th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference 1975, pp. 507–512.Google Scholar
Knight, C. & Furber, M. J. (1980). Winter oilseed rape diseases: variety reaction. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 15, 276–280.Google Scholar
Krüger, W. (1982). Die Wurzelhals-und Stengelfaule des Rapaoa, verursacht durch Phoma lingam (Stat. gen. Leptosphaeria maculans), eine schwer bekampfbare krankheit. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 89, 498–507.Google Scholar
Lim, L. G. & Gaunt, R. E. (1981). Leaf area as a factor in disease assessment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 97, 481–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddock, S. E., Ingram, D. S. & Gilligan, C. A. (1981). Resistance of cultivated brassicas to Pyrenopeziza brassicae. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 76, 371–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nathaniels, N. Q. R. & Taylor, G. S. (1983). Latent infection of winter oilseed rape by Leptosphaeria maculans. Plant Pathology 32, 23–31.Google Scholar
Penaud, A. & Regnault, Y. (1983). Revue bibliographique sur une nouvelle maladie du Colza, Cylindrosporium concentricum (Grev.). Informations Interne CETIOM No. 81.Google Scholar
Rawlinson, C. J. (1979). Light leaf spot of oilseed rape: an appraisal with comments on strategies for control. Proceedings British Crop Protection ConferencePests and Diseases 1, 137–143.Google Scholar
Rawlinson, C. J. & Muthyalu, G. (1979). Diseases of winter oil-seed rape: occurrence, effects and control. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93, 593–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlinson, C. J., Muthyalu, G. & Cayley, G. R. (1982). Residual effects of triadimefon in soil on powdery mildew and yield of spring barley. Plant Pathology 31, 143–155.Google Scholar
Rawlinson, C. J., Muthyalu, G. & Turner, R. H. (1978). Effect of herbicides on epicuticular wax of winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus) and infection by Pyrenopeziza brassicae. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 71, 441–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlinson, C. J., Sutton, B. C. & Muthyalu, G. (1978). Taxonomy and biology of Pyrenopeziza brassicae sp. nov. (Cylindrosporium concentricum), a pathogen of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus sap.oleifera). Transactions of the British Mycological Society 71, 425–439.Google Scholar
Rothamsted Experimental Station (1983). Factors affecting yield. Yields of the Field Experiments 83/R/RA/l.Google Scholar
Scarisbrick, D. H., Clewer, A. & Daniels, R. W. (1982). A note on sampling technique for winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 225–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staunton, W. P. & Kavanagh, T. (1966). Natural occurrence of the perfect stage of Gloeosporium concentricum (Grev.) Berk, and Br. Irish Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 140–141.Google Scholar
Williams, I. H. & Free, J. B. (1979). Compensation of oil-seed rape (B. napus) plants after damage to their buds and pods. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 53–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar