Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T19:55:33.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exponential relation between sweat rate and skin temperature in hot climates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

Ruth M. Gatenby
Ruth M. Gatenby
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, Nottingham University School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The sweat rates, skin and rectal temperatures and other components of the heat budgets of cattle were measured in Kenya and in England. Mean sweat rate (Ec) was more closely related to mean skin temperature (T8) than to rectal temperature. The results were described by an exponential relationship between T8, (°C) and Ec (mg/m2.sec) of the form Ee = E0 exp (T8, — T0)/B, where T0 and B are parameters (both with units of °C) which describe the sweating response of the animal, and E0 is 1 mg/m2.sec. T0 was 30·8 °C for a single Bos taurus in England and 33·8 °C for five animals in Kenya suggesting that chronic acclimatization to a hot environment resulted in the cattle being able to tolerate a higher mean skin temperature. The effect of species (Bos indicus cf. B. taurus) was small compared with the effect of acclimatization, although the mean value of B was significantly higher for B. indicus (1·58 cf. 0·94 °C) indicating that the physiological mechanism controlling sweat rate in B. indicus was less sensitive to skin temperature.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 106 , Issue 1 , February 1986 , pp. 175 - 183
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, T. E. (1962). Responses of Zebu, Jersey and Zebu x Jersey cross-bred heifers to rising temperature with particular reference to sweating. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 165–179.Google Scholar
Amakiri, S. F. & Funsho, O. N. (1979). Studies of rectal temperature, respiratory rates and heat tolerance in cattle in the humid tropics. Animal Production 28, 329–335.Google Scholar
Amakiri, S. F. & Onwuka, S. K. (1980). Quantitative studies of sweating rate in some cattle breeds in a humid tropical environment. Animal Production 30, 383–388.Google Scholar
Berman, A. (1971). Thermoregulation in intensively lactating cows in near-neutral conditions. Journal of Physiology, London 215, 477–489.Google Scholar
Bianca, W. (1959). Acclimatization of calves to a hot humid environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 52, 305–312.Google Scholar
Bianca, W., Findlay, J. D. & Mclean, J. A. (1965). Responses of steers to water restriction. Research in Veterinary Science 6, 38–55.Google Scholar
Bliqh, J. (1972). Evaporative heat loss in hot arid environments. Symposia of the Zoological Society, London 31, 357–369.Google Scholar
Burton, A. C., Scott, J. C., Mcglone, B. & Bazett, H. C. (1940). Slow adaptations in the heat exchanges of man to changed climatic conditions. American Journal of Physiology 129, 84–101.Google Scholar
Elder, W. H. & Rodoers, D. H. (1975). Body temperature in the African elephant as related to ambient temperature. Mammalia 39, 395–399.Google Scholar
Finch, V. A. (1972). Heat stress from solar radiation in Bos indicus and acclimatized Bos taurus in relation to thermal conductance of the fur coat. Biometeorology 5, 51–52.Google Scholar
Finch, V. A. (1973). Thermoregulation and heat balance in some East African herbivores. Ph.D. thesis, Nairobi University, Kenya.Google Scholar
Finch, V. A. (1976). An assessment of the energy budget of Boran cattle. Journal of Thermal Biology 1, 143–148.Google Scholar
Finch, V. A., Bennett, I. L. & Holmes, C. R. (1982). Sweating response in cattle and its relation to rectal temperature, tolerance of sun and metabolic rate. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 479–487.Google Scholar
Fox, R. H., Goldsmith, R., Hampton, I. F. G. & Lewis, H. E. (1964). The nature of the increase of sweating capacity produced by heat acclimatization. Journal of Physiology, London 171, 368–376.Google Scholar
Frisch, J. E. & Vercoe, J. E. (1978). Utilizing breed differences in growth of cattle in the tropics. World Animal Review 25, 8–12.Google Scholar
Gatenby, R. M. (1979). Water in the heat budget of ruminant skin and coat. Ph.D. thesis, Nottingham University, U.K.Google Scholar
Gatenby, R. M. (1980). Evaporimeter measuring sweat rate of cattle outdoors. Journal of Thermal Biology 5, 21–27.Google Scholar
Hales, J. R. S. (1974). Physiological responses to heat. In M.T.P. International Reviews of Science, Environmental Physiology (ed. Robertshaw, D.), pp. 107–162. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Holmes, C. W., Kino, C. T. & Sauwa, P. E. L. (1980). Effects of exposure to a hot environment on Friesian and Brahman x Friesian cattle, with some measurements of the effects of exposure to radiant heat. Animal Production 30, 1–11.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. C. D. & Brown, G. D. (1969). Penetrance of cattle coats by radiation. Journal of Applied Physiology 26, 454–464.Google Scholar
Inobam, D. L., Mclean, J. A. & Whittow, G. C. (1963). The effect of heating the hypothalmus and the skin on the rate of vaporization from the skin of the ox (Boa taurua). Journal of Physiology, London 169, 394–403.Google Scholar
Isabibye, J. K. & Robebtshaw, D. (1972). The sweat gland response to solar radiation in domestic animals. Biometeorology 5, 67.Google Scholar
Isabibye, J. S. J. (1972). The sweat gland response to solar radiation in three species of domestic animals. M.Sc. thesis, Nairobi University, Kenya.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. G. & Creed, K. E. (1982). Sweating in the intact ox and isolated perfused ox skin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73C, 265–270.Google Scholar
Johnston, J. E., Hamblin, F. B. & Schbader, G. T. (1958). Factors concerned in the comparative heat tolerance of Jersey, Holstein and Red Sindhi-Holstein (F:) cattle. Journal of Animal Science 17, 473–479.Google Scholar
Kibler, H. H. (1957). Energy metabolism and cardiorespiratory activities in Shorthorn, Santa Gertrudis and Brahman heifers during growth at 50° and 80° F temperatures. University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 643.Google Scholar
Kibleb, H. H., Johnson, H. D., Shanklin, M. D. & Hahn, L. (1965). Acclimation of Holstein cattle to 84°F (29 °C) temperature: changes in heat producing and heat dissipating functions. University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 893.Google Scholar
Kiblek, H. H. & Yeck, R. G. (1959). Vaporization rates and heat tolerance in growing Shorthorn, Brahman and Santa Gertrudis calves raised at constant 50° and 80 °F temperatures. University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 701.Google Scholar
Ledger, H. P. (1959). A possible explanation for part of the difference in heat tolerance exhibited by Bos taurus and Bos indicusbeef cattle. Nature, London 184, 1405–1406.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, W. V. (1964). Terrestrial animals in dry heat: Ungulates. In Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Adaptation to the Environment, pp. 509–539. American Physiological Society, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Mcdowell, R. E., Mcmullan, M. F., Wodzicka, M., Lee, D. H. K. & Fohrman, M. H. (1955). Rate of water evaporation from various areas of normal body surface and with sweat glands inactivated under hot conditions. Journal of Animal Science 14, 1250.Google Scholar
Mclean, J. A. (1963a). The regional distribution of cutaneous moisture evaporation in the Ayrshire calf. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 61, 275–280.Google Scholar
Mclean, J. A. (1963b). The partition of insensible loss of body weight and heat from cattle under various climatic conditions. Journal of Physiology, London 167, 427–477.Google Scholar
Murray, D. M. (1966). A comparison of cutaneous evaporation rates in cattle exposed to heat in a climatic laboratory and in the field. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 66, 175–179.Google Scholar
Pan, Y. S., Doneoan, S. M. & Hayman, R. H. (1969). Sweating rate at different body regions in cattle and its correlation with some quantitative components of sweat gland volume for a given area of skin. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 20, 395–403.Google Scholar
Rhoad, A. O. (1940). A method of assaying genetic differences in the adaptability of cattle to tropical and subtropical climates. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 8, 190–198.Google Scholar
Schleger, A. V. & Turner, H. G. (1965). Sweating rates of cattle in the field and their reaction to diurnal and seasonal changes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 92–106.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Jarnum, S. A. & Houpt, T. R. (1957). Body temperature of the camel and its relation to water economy. American Journal of Physiology 188, 103–112.Google Scholar
Taneja, G. C. (1959). Sweating in cattle. II. Cutaneous evaporative loss measured from limited areas and its relationship with skin, rectal and air temperatures. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 52, 50–61.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. J., Mccroskey, R. M. & Brody, S. (1951). Influence of temperature on insensible weight loss and moisture vaporization in Brahman, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Jersey cattle. University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 479.Google Scholar
Turner, H. G. (1984). Variation in rectal temperature of cattle in a tropical environment and its relation to growth rate. Animal Production 38, 417–427.Google Scholar
Wayman, O., Johnson, H. D., Merilan, C. P. & Berry, I. L. (1962). Effect of ad libitum or forcefeeding of two rations on laetating dairy cows subject to temperature stress. Journal of Dairy Science 45, 1472–1478.Google Scholar
Webster, A. J. F. (1974). Heat loss from cattle with particular emphasis on the effects of cold. In Heat Loss from Animals and Man (ed. Montieth, J. L. and Mount, L. E.), pp. 205–231. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Wyndham, C. H. (1967). Effect of acclimatization on the sweat rate/rectal temperature relationship. Journal of Applied Physiology 22, 27–30.Google Scholar