Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T08:17:36.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of conservation agriculture on crop productivity and water-use efficiency under an irrigated pigeonpea–wheat cropping system in the western Indo-Gangetic Plains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2016

T. K. DAS ,
K. K. BANDYOPADHYAY ,
RANJAN BHATTACHARYYA ,
S. SUDHISHRI ,
A. R. SHARMA ,
U. K. BEHERA ,
Y. S. SAHARAWAT ,
P. K. SAHOO ,
H. PATHAK  and
A. K. VYAS
...Show all authors
T. K. DAS
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
K. K. BANDYOPADHYAY
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
RANJAN BHATTACHARYYA*
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
S. SUDHISHRI
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
A. R. SHARMA
Affiliation:
Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, M.P., India
U. K. BEHERA
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Y. S. SAHARAWAT
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
P. K. SAHOO
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
H. PATHAK
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
A. K. VYAS
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
L. M. BHAR
Affiliation:
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
H. S. GUPTA
Affiliation:
Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110 012, India
R. K. GUPTA
Affiliation:
Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110 012, India
M. L. JAT
Affiliation:
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi 110 012, India
*
* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

In search of a suitable resource conservation technology under pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on crop productivity and water-use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated during a 3-year study. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) with planting on permanent narrow beds (PNB), PNB with residue (PNB + R), ZT with planting on permanent broad beds (PBB) and PBB + R. The PBB + R plots had higher pigeonpea grain yield than the CT plots in all 3 years. However, wheat grain yields under all plots were similar in all years except for PBB + R plots in the second year, which had higher wheat yield than CT plots. The contrast analysis showed that pigeonpea grain yield of CA plots was significantly higher than CT plots in the first year. However, both pigeonpea and wheat grain yields during the last 2 years under CA and CT plots were similar. The PBB + R plots had higher system WUE than the CT plots in the second and third years. Plots under CA had significantly higher WUE and significantly lower water use than CT plots in these years. The PBB + R plots had higher WUE than PNB + R and PNB plots. Also, the PBB plots had higher WUE than PNB in the second and third years, despite similar water use. The interactions of bed width and residue management for all parameters in the second and third years were not significant. Those positive impacts under PBB + R plots over CT plots were perceived to be due to no tillage and significantly higher amount of estimated residue retention. Thus, both PBB and PBB + R technologies would be very useful under a pigeonpea–wheat cropping system in this region.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 154 , Issue 8 , November 2016 , pp. 1327 - 1342
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aggarwal, P. & Goswami, B. (2003). Bed planting system for increasing water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Inceptisol (Typic Ustochrept). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 73, 422–425.Google Scholar
Akbar, G., Hamilton, G., Hussain, Z. & Yasin, M. (2007). Problems and potentials of permanent raised bed cropping systems in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Water Research 11, 11–21.Google Scholar
Ali, M. (1999). Evaluation of green manure technology in tropical lowland rice systems. Field Crops Research 61, 61–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aquino, P. (1998). The Adoption of Bed Planting of Wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Wheat Program Special Report No. 17a. Mexico, DF: CIMMYT.Google Scholar
Astatke, A., Jabbar, M., Mohamed Saleem, M. A. & Erkossa, T. (2002). Technical and economic performance of animal-drawn implements for minimum tillage: experience on vertisols in Ethiopia. Experimental Agriculture 38, 185–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aulakh, M. S. & Singh, B. (1997). Nitrogen losses and fertilizer N use efficiency in irrigated porous soils. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 47, 197–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Prakash, V., Kundu, S. & Gupta, H. S. (2006). Effect of tillage and crop rotations on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivity in sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas. Soil and Tillage Research 86, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Kundu, S., Pandey, S. C., Singh, K. P. & Gupta, H. S. (2008). Tillage and irrigation effects on crop yields and soil properties under rice–wheat system of the Indian Himalayas. Agricultural Water Management 95, 993–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Prakash, V., Kundu, S., Srivastva, A. K. & Gupta, H. S. (2009). Soil aggregation and organic matter in a sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas under different tillage and crop regimes. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 132, 126–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Tuti, M. D., Kundu, S., Bisht, J. K. & Bhatt, J. C. (2012 a). Conservation tillage impacts on soil aggregation and carbon pools in a sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76, 617–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Tuti, M. D., Bisht, J. K., Bhatt, J. C. & Gupta, H. S. (2012 b). Conservation tillage and fertilization impact on soil aggregation and carbon pools in the Indian Himalayas under an irrigated rice–wheat rotation. Soil Science 177, 218–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Pandey, S. C., Bisht, J. K., Bhatt, J. C., Gupta, H. S., Tuti, M. D., Mahanta, D., Mina, B. L., Singh, R. D., Chandra, S., Srivastva, A. K. & Kundu, S. (2013 a). Tillage and irrigation effects on soil aggregation and carbon pools in the Indian sub-Himalayas. Agronomy Journal 105, 101–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, R., Das, T. K., Pramanik, P., Ganeshan, V., Saad, A. A. & Sharma, A. R. (2013 b). Impacts of conservation agriculture on soil aggregation and aggregate-associated N under an irrigated agroecosystem of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 96, 185–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhushan, L., Ladha, J. K., Gupta, R. K., Singh, S., Tirol-Padre, A., Saharawat, Y. S., Gathala, M. & Pathak, H. (2007). Saving of water and labor in a rice–wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy Journal 99, 1288–1296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolinder, M. A., Andrén, O., Kätterer, T., de Jong, R., VandenBygaart, A. J., Angers, D. A., Parent, L. E. & Gregorich, E. G. (2007). Soil carbon dynamics in Canadian agricultural ecoregions: quantifying climatic influence on soil biological activity. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122, 461–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakraborty, D., Garg, R. N., Tomar, R. K., Singh, R., Sharma, S. K., Singh, R. K., Trivedi, S. M., Mittal, R. B., Sharma, P. K. & Kamble, K. H. (2010). Synthetic and organic mulching and nitrogen effect on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management 97, 738–748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, T. K. (2008). Weed management in crops and cropping systems. In Weed Science: Basics and Applications, 1st edn (Ed. Das, T. K.), pp. 640–725. New Delhi, India: Jain Brothers Publishers.Google Scholar
Das, T. K., Bhattacharyya, R., Sharma, A. R., Das, S., Saad, A. A. & Pathak, H. (2013). Impacts of conservation agriculture on total soil organic carbon retention potential under an irrigated agro-ecosystem of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains. European Journal of Agronomy 51, 34–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, T. K., Bhattacharyya, R., Sudhishri, S., Sharma, A. R., Saharawat, Y. S., Bandyopadhyay, K. K., Sepat, S., Bana, R. S., Aggarwal, P., Sharma, R. K., Bhatia, A., Singh, G., Datta, S. P., Kar, A., Singh, B., Singh, P., Pathak, H., Vyas, A. K. & Jat, M. L. (2014). Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton-wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: crop and water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 158, 24–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwivedi, B. S., Shukla, A. K., Singh, V. K. & Yadav, R. L. (2001). Results of participatory diagnosis of constraints and opportunities (PDCO) based trials from the state of Uttar Pradesh. In Development of Farmers’ Resource-Based Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply Systems: Experience of a FAO–ICAR–IFFCO Collaborative Project and AICRP on Soil Test Crop Response Correlation (Eds Subba Rao, A. & Srivastava, S.), pp. 50–75. Bhopal, India: IISS.Google Scholar
FAO (2010). Irrigation Water Management: Irrigation Water Needs. Irrigation Water Management Training Manual no. 3. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Gathala, M. K., Ladha, J. K., Saharawat, Y. S., Kumar, V., Kumar, V. & Sharma, P. K. (2011). Effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on physical properties of a medium-textured soil under a seven-year rice–wheat rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75, 1851–1862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathala, M. K., Kumar, V., Sharma, P. C., Saharawat, Y. S., Jat, M. S., Singh, M., Kumar, A., Jat, M. L., Humphreys, E., Sharma, D. K., Sharma, S. & Ladha, J. K. (2013). Optimizing intensive cereal-based cropping systems addressing current and future drivers of agricultural change in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 177, 85–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, P. K., Bandyopadhyay, K. K., Wanjari, R. H., Manna, M. C., Misra, A. K., Mohanty, M. & Subba Rao, A. (2007). Legume effect for enhancing productivity and nutrient use efficiency in major cropping systems - An Indian perspective: a review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 30, 59–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, N. (2012). African agriculture: dirt poor. Nature 483, 525–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giller, K. E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M. & Tittonell, P. (2009). Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: the heretics’ view. Field Crops Research 114, 23–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, A. K. & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Single-factor experiments. In Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edn, (Eds Gomez, A. K. & Gomez, A. A.), pp. 7–83. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D. & Deckers, J. (2005). Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting? Field Crops Research 94, 33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D., Lichter, K., Dendooven, L. & Deckers, J. (2007). Influence of permanent raised bed planting and residue management on physical and chemical soil quality in rain fed maize/wheat systems. Plant & Soil 291, 39–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of India (2010). Crops. In Annual Report 2009–2010, pp. 23–32. New Delhi: Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Available online at: http://www.performance.gov.in/sites/default/files/departments/agriculture-cooperation/Annual%20Report%202009-10.pdf (verified 1 December 2015).Google Scholar
Hobbs, P. R. & Gupta, R. K. (2000). Sustainable resource management in intensively cultivated irrigated rice–wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of south Asia: strategies and options. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Managing Natural Resources for Sustainable Agricultural Production in the 21st Century, New Delhi, India. 14–18 Feb. 2000 (Ed. Singh, A. K.), pp. 584–592. New Delhi, India: Indian Society of Soil Science.Google Scholar
IARI (2012). Resource conservation technologies. In Technological Options for Enhanced Productivity and Profit (Eds Kumbhare, N. V., Singh, C. B., Wason, M., Sharma, J. P., Kumar, H. & Sangeetha, V.), pp. 134–162. New Delhi, India: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI).Google Scholar
Jat, M. L., Gathala, M. K., Saharawat, Y. S., Tetarwal, J. P., Gupta, R. & Yadvinder-Singh, (2013). Double no-till and permanent raised beds in maize–wheat rotation of north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India: effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Field Crops Research 149, 291–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karunakaran, V. & Behera, U. K. (2013). Effect of tillage, residue management and crop establishment techniques on energetics, water use efficiency and economics in soybean (Glycine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, 42–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassam, A. & Friedrich, T. (2011). Conservation agriculture: principles, sustainable land management and ecosystem services. In Società Italiana di Agronomia XL Convegno Nazionale, Università degli Studi Teramo, 7–9 September 2011 (Eds Pisante, M. & Stagnari, F.), pp. 25–28. Teramo, Italy: Università degli Studi di Teramo. Available online at: http://www.siagr.it/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&download=22:atti-sia-teramo-2011-riferimenti-bibliografici&id=1:documenti-sia&Itemid=559&lang=en (verified 29 October 2015).Google Scholar
Kukal, S. S., Yadvinder-Singh, , Jat, M. L. & Sidhu, H. S. (2014). Improving water productivity of wheat-based cropping systems in South Asia for sustained productivity. Advances in Agronomy 127, 157–258.Google Scholar
Kumar, M., Singh, H., Hooda, R. S., Khippal, A. & Singh, T. (2003). Grain yield, water use and water use efficiency of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrids under variable nitrogen application. Indian Journal of Agronomy 48, 53–55.Google Scholar
Ladha, J. K., Kumar, V., Alam, M. M., Sharma, S., Gathala, M. K., Chandna, P., Saharawat, Y. S. & Balasubramanian, V. (2009). Integrating crop and resource management technologies for enhanced productivity, profitability and sustainability of the rice–wheat system in South Asia. In Integrated Crop and Resource Management in the Rice–wheat System of South Asia (Eds Ladha, J. K., Yadvinder-Singh, , Erenstein, O. & Hardy, B.), pp. 69–108. Los Baños, The Philippines: IRRI.Google Scholar
Lichter, K., Govaerts, B., Six, J., Sayre, K. D., Deckers, J. & Dendooven, L. (2008). Aggregation and C and N contents of soil organic matter fractions in a permanent raised-bed planting system in the Highlands of Central Mexico. Plant and Soil 305, 237–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Limon-Ortega, A., Sayre, K. D., Drijber, R. A. & Francis, C. A. (2002). Soil attributes in a furrow-irrigated bed planting system in northwest Mexico. Soil and Tillage Research 63, 123–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, A. M. (2008). Water requirement of crops and irrigation management. In Irrigation: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn, (Ed. Michael, A. M.), pp. 478–553. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd.Google Scholar
Munkholm, L. J., Hansen, E. M. & Olesen, J. E. (2008). The effect of tillage intensity on soil structure and winter wheat root/shoot growth. Soil Use and Management 24, 392–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naresh, R. K., Singh, S. P. & Chauhan, P. (2012). Influence of conservation agriculture, permanent raised bed planting and residue management on soil quality and productivity in maize–wheat system in western Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Life Sciences, Biotechnology and Pharma Research 1, 27–34.Google Scholar
Naresh, R. K., Rathore, R. S., Kumar, P., Singh, S. P., Singh, A. & Shahi, U. P. (2014). Effect of precision land leveling and permanent raised bed planting on soil properties, input use efficiency, productivity and profitability under maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 84, 725–732.Google Scholar
Ngwira, A. R., Thierfelder, C. & Lambert, D. M. (2013). Conservation agriculture systems for Malawian smallholder farmers: long-term effects on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, 350–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saharawat, Y. S., Singh, B., Malik, R. K., Ladha, J. K., Gathala, M., Jat, M. L. & Kumar, V. (2010). Evaluation of alternative tillage and crop establishment methods in a rice–wheat rotation in north-western IGP. Field Crops Research 116, 260–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakala, W. D., Cadisch, G. & Giller, K. E. (2000). Interactions between residues of maize and pigeonpea and mineral N fertilizers during decomposition and N mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32, 679–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayre, K. D. & Hobbs, P. R. (2004). The raised-bed system of cultivation for irrigated production conditions. In Sustainable Agriculture and the Rice–wheat System (Eds Lal, R., Hobbs, P., Uphoff, N. & O. Hansen, D.), pp. 337–355. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddique, K. H. M., Johansen, C., Turner, N. C., Jeuffroy, M. H., Hashem, A., Sakar, D., Gan, Y. & Alghamdi, S. S. (2012). Innovations in agronomy for food legumes. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 32, 45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidhu, H. S., Manpreet-Singh, , Humphreys, E., Yadvinder-Singh, , Balwinder-Singh, , Dhillon, S. S., Blackwell, J., Bector, V., Malkeet-Singh, & Sarbjeet-Singh, (2007). The Happy Seeder enables direct drilling of wheat into rice stubble. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, 844–854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, V. K., Dwivedi, B. S., Shukla, A. K., Chauhan, Y. S. & Yadav, R. L. (2005). Diversification of rice with pigeonpea in a rice–wheat cropping system on a Typic Ustochrept: effect on soil fertility, yield and nutrient use efficiency. Field Crops Research 92, 85–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, V. P., Tripathi, N. & Kumar, A. (2011). Resource conservation technology in rice–wheat cropping system: an ecological and sustainable approach. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 15, 365–371.Google Scholar
Thierfelder, C. & Wall, P. C. (2012). Effects of conservation agriculture on soil quality and productivity in contrasting agro-ecological environments of Zimbabwe. Soil Use and Management 28, 209–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thierfelder, C., Cheesman, S. & Rusinamhodzi, L. (2012). A comparative analysis of conservation agriculture systems: benefits and challenges of rotations and intercropping in Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research 137, 237–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unger, P. W. & Jones, O. R. (1998). Long-term tillage and cropping systems affect bulk density and penetration resistance of soil cropped to dryland wheat and grain sorghum. Soil and Tillage Research 45, 39–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verhulst, N., Sayre, K. D., Vargas, M., Crossa, J., Deckers, J., Raes, D. & Govaerts, B. (2011). Wheat yield and tillage-straw management system × year interaction explained by climatic co-variables for an irrigated bed planting system in northwestern Mexico. Field Crops Research 124, 347–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walkley, A. & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid filtration method. Soil Science 37, 29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, T. A. & Post, W. M. (2002). Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation: a global data analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, 1930–1946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadvinder-Singh, , Bijay-Singh, , Ladha, J. K., Khind, C. S., Khera, T. S. & Bueno, C. S. (2004). Effects of residue decomposition on productivity and soil fertility in rice–wheat rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68, 854–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar