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Common bean canopy characteristics and N assimilation as affected by weed pressure and nitrogen rate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

S. F. SABERALI ,
S. A. M. MODARRES-SANAVY ,
M. BANNAYAN ,
M. AGHAALIKHANI ,
G. HAGHAYEGH  and
G. HOOGENBOOM
S. F. SABERALI*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Torbat-e Jam Educational Complex, khorasan Razavi, Iran
S. A. M. MODARRES-SANAVY
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
M. BANNAYAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
M. AGHAALIKHANI
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
G. HAGHAYEGH
Affiliation:
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
G. HOOGENBOOM
Affiliation:
AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350, USA
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

Crop canopy characteristics and management factors that affect the canopy structure can influence crop competitive ability against weeds. The goal of the current study was to understand the interaction between nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) density on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canopy characteristics and N assimilation. Experiments were conducted to determine the growth responses of two bean genotypes with contrasting growth habits to different N fertilizer rates under no, low and high redroot pigweed pressure. Nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha for a semi-erect variety and 0, 35, 70 and 140 kg/ha for an erect bean variety. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), leaf chlorophyll, N assimilation and N assimilation rate for both bean growth habits increased with N application rate at no and low weed density. The negative effect of redroot pigweed competition on LAI, LAD, N assimilation and N assimilation rate increased with redroot pigweed density, and with N application rate for the high weed density. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that N assimilation and chlorophyll concentration accounted for 0·73–0·87, overall, of the variation in yield loss due to weed competition. It is concluded that greater N assimilation in the semi-erect growth habit compared with the erect growth habit is the cause of its higher competitive ability against the weed, as it improves the effective canopy traits that confer potential for resource pre-emption.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 154 , Issue 4 , May 2016 , pp. 598 - 611
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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