Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T19:54:58.105Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Allozymes of phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) in cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. J. Gilliland ,
J. Tinman  and
M. S. Camlin
T. J. Gilliland
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Field Botany Research Division, Crossnacreevy, Belfast, BT6 9SH
J. Tinman
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Field Botany Research Division, Crossnacreevy, Belfast, BT6 9SH
M. S. Camlin
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Field Botany Research Division, Crossnacreevy, Belfast, BT6 9SH
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The 65 spring and 14 winter cultivars of barley on the 1981 U.K. National List were examined electrophoretically for allozyme variants of phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). Two different banding patterns were observed, a ‘fast’ and a ‘slow’ migrating type. With the exception of six spring cultivars in which the ‘slow’ type was found, all the cultivars were classified as ‘fast’. F2 progeny of crosses between ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ plants were used to interpret the banding patterns as resulting from the dimeric isozymes of two alleles (allozymes) each producing a triple band pattern, the faster two bands of which were considered to be ‘secondary’ or artefact bands. With the notable exception of Dragon and its sister line RPB 1115–75 all of the other ‘slow’ cultivars and breeders' selections were found to have the ‘slow’ cultivar Midas in their breeding history. Midas was bred using material from three ‘fast’ cultivars and a γ-ray mutant strain, the irradiation which produced this strain being regarded as the likely cause of the ‘slow’ isozyme. Unlike all the other cultivars tested, Midas was found to be a mixture of genotypes comprising 73% ‘slow’ and 27% ‘fast’ plants, a ratio which was most probably due to founder effects caused by the breeders' selection programme. In the light of the present investigation and other reports it is concluded that it is not an uncommon occurrence to find plants with different electrophoretic banding patterns within inbred cultivars.

This result has serious implications for cultivar registration as there is a possibility of selecting electrophoretically distinct plants from within existing registered cultivars. It is concluded therefore that the protection afforded to plant breeders under Plant Breeders' Rights schemes could be seriously threatened by the use of electrophoretic characters for cultivar registration except in some specific incidences where it may be possible to apply appropriate safeguards. The implications for plant breeders of the existence of isozymes of PGI, of possibly different efficiencies, within commercial cultivars of the genus Hordeum are also discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 101 , Issue 2 , October 1983 , pp. 359 - 366
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almgard, G. & Clapham, D. (1975). Isoenzyme variation distinguishing 18 Avena cultivars grown in Sweden. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 61–67.Google Scholar
Almgard, G. & Landeoren, U. (1974). Isoenzymatic variation used for the identification of barley cultivars. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 72, 63–73.Google Scholar
Cros, D. L. du & Wrigley, C. W. (1979). Improved electrophoretic methods for identifying cereal varieties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8, 785–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doll, H. & Brown, A. H. D. (1979). Hordein variation in wild (Hordeum spontaneum) and cultivated (H. vulgare) barley. Canadian Journal of Genetical Cytology 21, 391–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, S. R. & Craig, E. A. (1981). A phenotypic classification of wheat gliadin electropherograms. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 15, 390–398.Google Scholar
Ellis, J. R. S. & Beminster, C. H. (1977). The identification of U.K. wheat varieties by starch gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 14, 221–231.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. (1980). Biochemical Systematics and Evolution. Glasgow and London: Blackie.Google Scholar
Gilliland, T. J., Camlin, M. S. & Wright, C. E. (1982).Evaluation of phosphoglucoisomerase allozyme electrophoresis for the identification and registration of cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Seed Science and Technology 10, 415–430.Google Scholar
Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. (1977). Handbook of Enzyme Eleclrophoresis in Human Genetics. Elsevier/North-HollandBiochemical Press. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Hayward, M. D. & McAdam, N. S. (1977). Isoenzymic polymorphism as a measure of distinctness and stability in cultivars of Lolium perenne. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 79, 9–68.Google Scholar
Kahler, A. L. & Allard, R. W. (1970). Genetics of isozyme variants in barley. 1. Esterases. Crop Science 10, 444–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahler, A. L., Heath-Pagliuso, S. & Allard, R. W. (1981). Genetics of isozyme variants in barley. II. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxalate transaminase and acid phosphatase. Crop Science 21, 536–540.Google Scholar
Konarev, V. G., Dyagileva, G. E., Gavalyak, J. P. & Trofimovskaya, A. Y. (1979). Varietal identification in barley by electrophoretic hordein banding patterns. Byulleten Vsesoyuznogs Ordena Druzholy Narodov Institution Bastenievodstva Imeni NI Vavilova 92, 3–41.Google Scholar
Lesar, L. E. & Peterson, D. M. (1981). Growth and composition of kernels developing on excised oat panicles in liquid culture. Crop Science 21, 741–747.Google Scholar
McCausland, F. & Wrigley, C. W. (1977). Identification of Austialian barley cultivars by laboratory methods. Gel electrophoresis and gel isoelectric focusing of the endosperm proteins. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 17, 1020–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchylo, B. A. & Laberge, D. E. (1981). Barley cultivar identification by electrophoretic analysis of hordein proteins. II. Catalogue of electropherogram formulae for Canadian-grown barley cultivars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61 (4) 859–870.Google Scholar
Ministry Of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food (1981). United Kingdom List of Varieties of agricultural plant species. Plant Varieties and Seeds Gazette, 01. 1981.Google Scholar
Shewry, P. R., Ellis, J. R. S., Pratt, H. M. & Miflin, B. J. (1978). A comparison of methods for the extraction and separation of hordein fractions from 29 barley varieties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29, 433–441.Google Scholar
Shewry, P. R., Pratt, H. M., Faulks, A. J., Parmor, S. & Miflin, B. J. (1979). The storage protein (hordein) polypeptide pattern of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to varietal identification and disease resistance. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 15, 34–50.Google Scholar
Shewry, P. R., Pratt, H. M. & Miflin, B. J. (1978). Varietal identification of single seeds of barley by analysis of hordein polypeptides. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29, 587–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spook, W. (1975). Genetic systems in Poa, Festuca and Lolium in relation to the production of amenity grass varieties. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Wrigley, C. W., Robinson, P. J. & Williams, W. T. (1981). Association between electrophoretic patterns of gliadin proteins and quality characteristics of wheat cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 32 (5), 433–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y. W., Zhang, C. L. & Zhang, Y. (1981). Comcultural parative studies of esterase isozymes in wheat, rye and triticale. Acta Genetica Sinica 8 (4), 380–385.Google Scholar