Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:09:25.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Winter leaching of nitrate from autumn-applied calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea and sulphur-coated urea in bare soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. M. Addiscott  and
D. Cox
T. M. Addiscott
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts.
D. Cox
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

In a flinty clay loam at Rothamsted, nitrate concentrations in 0–13 and 13–26 cm layers of plots given all N-sources at 100 kgN/ha in early October were very small by mid-January. Incorporating the fertilizer in the first 13 cm slightly accelerated this loss. Sulphur-coated urea (SCU) maintained smaller nitrate concentrations than other sources in both layers. By early March SCU plots alone had slightly larger nitrate concentrations than the controls in the 0–26 cm layer, whilst in the 26–52 cm layer all N plots had slightly larger concentrations than the controls. Spring barley, given no more N and harvested green at ear emergence, took more N from all N plots than from the controls, most from ammonium sulphate and least from urea and SCU, but differenoes between sources were not significant. The nitrate loss had a negligible effect on soil pH and exchangeable cations.

Calcium nitrate leaching data were used to test the equation of Burns (1975) and other simple equations which considered the effects of successive percolations in a two-layer system assuming that the layers either could or could not become temporarily oversaturated. All the equations underestimated leaching unless the most inaccessible soil water was left out of the calculations and gave best results when only gravitational water was taken into acoount.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , October 1976 , pp. 381 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boyd, D. A., Garner, H. V. & Haines, W. B. (1957). The fertilizer requirements of sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 48, 464–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, I. G. (1974). A model for predicting the redistribution of salts applied to fallow soils after excess rainfall or evaporation. Journal of Soil Science 25, 165–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, I. G. (1975). An equation to predict the leaching of surface-applied nitrate. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 85, 443–54.Google Scholar
Cox, D. (1974). Sulphur-coated urea. Report of the Rothamsted Experimental Station for 1973, part 1, p. 52.Google Scholar
Cunningham, R. K. & Cooke., G. W.. (1958). Soil nitrogen. II. Changes in levels of inorganic nitrogen in a clay loam soil caused by fertiliser application, by leaching and uptake by grass. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 9, 317–24.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1924). The influence of rainfall on the yield of wheat at Rothamsted. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 213, 89–142.Google Scholar
Frissel, M. J., Poelstra, P. & Reiniger, P. (1970). Chromatographic transport through soils. III. Asimulation model of the apparent diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soils with tritiated water. Plant and Soil 33, 161–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gliemeroth, G. (1959). Stickstoffverlagerung über Winter auf einem Lössehm in Abhangigkeit von Form, Menge, Termin und Verteilung der Herbstdügung. Zeitschrift fü Pflanzenernährung Düngung Bodenkunde 85, 20–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivanov, V. M. (1939). Migration of nitrogen fertilisers in serozems with different methods and times of application. Ak-Kavak Central Agrotechnical Station, Cotton Agrotechnical and Agrochemical Problems 1939, pp. 71–82. (See Soils and Fertilisers 4, 80).Google Scholar
Kurtz, L. T., Owens, L. D. & Hauck, R. D. (1961). Influence of moisture on the effectiveness of winterapplied nitrogen fertilisers. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 25, 40–6.Google Scholar
Larsen, J. E. & Kohnke, H. (1946). Relative merits of fall- and spring-applied nitrogen fertilisers. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 11, 378–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawes, J. B. & Gilbert, J. H. (1880). Our climate and our wheat crops. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 2nd series, 16, 173–210.Google Scholar
Levin, I. (1964). Movement of added nitrates through soil columns and undisturbed soil profiles. Transactions of the 8th International Congress of Soil Science (Bucharest) IV, 1011–22.Google Scholar
Litchfield, M. H. (1967). The automated analysis of nitrite and nitrate in blood. Analyst, London 92, 132–6.Google Scholar
Miller, N. H. J. (1906). The amount and composition of the drainage through unmanured and uncropped land, Barnfield, Rothamsted. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 1, 377–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, D. R. & Biggar, J. W. (1962). Miscible displacement. III. Theoretical considerations. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 26, 216–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, L. D. (1960). Nitrogen movement and transformation in soils as evaluated by a lysimeter study utilising isotopic nitrogen. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 24, 372–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paauw, F. van der (1962). Effect of winter rainfall on the amount of nitrogen available to crops. Plant and Soil 16, 361–80.Google Scholar
Page, E. R. (1975). The location and persistence of ammonia (aqueous, anhydrous and anhydrous + ‘N-Serve’) injected into a sandy loam soil, as shown by changes in concentrations of ammonium and nitrate ions. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 85, 65–74.Google Scholar
Penman, H. L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 193, 120–45.Google Scholar
Penman, H. L. & Schofield, R. K. (1941). Drainage and evaporation from fallow soil at Rothamsted. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 31, 74—109.Google Scholar
Rousselle, V. (1913). Le mouvement des nitrates dans le sol et ses conséquences relatives à l'emploi du nitrate de soude. Annales de la Science Agronomique, 4th series, pp. 97–115.Google Scholar
Salter, P. J. (1967). Methods of determining the moisture characteristics of soils. Experimental Agriculture 3, 163–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salter, P. J. & Williams, J. B. (1969). The moisture characteristics of some Rothamsted, Woburn and Saxmundham soils. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 73, 155–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sievers, F. J. & Holtz, H. F. (1922). The silt loam soils of eastern Washington and their management. Washington Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin no. 166.Google Scholar
Varley, J. A. (1966). Automatic methods for the determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant material. Analyst, London 91, 119–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. J. B. (1971). Relationships between the composition of soils and physical measurements made on them. Report of Rothamsted Experimental Station for 1970, Part 2, pp. 5–35.Google Scholar