Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:00:24.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The variability of maize kernel drying: sowing date, harvest scenario and year

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2021

Z. F. Huang Open the ORCID record for Z. F. Huang [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Y. Hou ,
J. Xue ,
K. R. Wang ,
R. Z. Xie ,
P. Hou ,
B. Ming  and
S. K. Li
Z. F. Huang
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
L. Y. Hou
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
J. Xue
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
K. R. Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
R. Z. Xie
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
P. Hou
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
B. Ming*
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
S. K. Li*
Affiliation:
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081, P. R. China
*
Authors for correspondence: B. Ming, E-mail: [email protected]; S. K. Li, E-mail: [email protected]
Authors for correspondence: B. Ming, E-mail: [email protected]; S. K. Li, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The extent of the reduction of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel moisture content through drying is closely related to field temperature (or accumulated temperature; AT) following maturation. In 2017 and 2018, we selected eight maize hybrids that are widely planted in Northeastern China to construct kernel drying prediction models for each hybrid based on kernel drying dynamics. In the traditional harvest scenario using the optimal sowing date (OSD), maize kernels underwent drying from 4th September to 5th October, with variation coefficients of 1.0–1.9. However, with a latest sowing date (LSD), drying occurred from 14th September to 31st October, with variation coefficients of 1.3–3.0. In the changed harvest scenario, the drying time of maize sown on the OSD condition was from 12th September to 9th November with variation coefficients of 1.3–3.0, while maize sown on the LSD had drying dates of 26th September to 28th October with variation coefficients of 1.5–3.6. In the future harvest scenario, the Fengken 139 (FK139) and Jingnongke 728 (JNK728) hybrids finished drying on 20th October and 8th November, respectively, when sown on the OSD and had variation coefficients of 2.7–2.8. Therefore, the maize kernel drying time was gradually delayed and was associated with an increased demand for AT ⩾ 0°C late in the growing season. Furthermore, we observed variation among different growing seasons likely due to differences in weather patterns, and that sowing dates impact variations in drying times to a greater extent than harvest scenarios.

Keywords

Dryingkernel moisture contentmaizevariability
Type
Crops and Soils Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 159 , Issue 7-8 , September 2021 , pp. 535 - 543
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Z. F. Huang and L. Y. Hou contributed equally to this study.

References

Baute, TA, McDonald, I and Reid, K (2002) Agronomy Guide for Field Crops. Publ. 811. Guelph, ON: The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.Google Scholar
Borrás, L and Westgate, ME (2006) Predicting maize kernel sink capacity early in development. Field Crops Research 95, 223–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borrás, L, Zinselmeier, C, Senior, ML, Westgate, ME and Muszynski, MG (2009) Characterization of kernel-filling patterns in diverse maize germplasm. Crop Science 49, 999–1009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooking, IR (1990) Maize ear moisture during grain-filling, and its relation to physiological maturity and grain-drying. Field Crops Research 23, 55–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capristo, PR, Rizzalli, RH and Andrade, FH (2007) Ecophysiological yield components of maize hybrids with contrasting maturity. Agronomy Journal 99, 1111–1118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, MW and Poneleit, CG (1973) Black layer maturity and filling period variation among inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.). Crop Science 13, 436–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, ZW, Wang, KR, Guo, YQ, Xie, RZ, Li, LL, Ming, B, Hou, P, Liu, CW, Chu, ZD, Zhang, WX, Zhang, GQ, Liu, GZ and Li, SK (2017) Current status of maize mechanical grain harvest and its relationship with grain moisture content. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 50, 2036–2043.Google Scholar
Chu, ZD, Ming, B, Li, LL, Xue, J, Zhang, WX, Hou, LY, Xie, RZ, Hou, P, Wang, KR and Li, SK (2020) Dynamics of maize grain drying in the high latitude region of Northeast China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, 2–11.Google Scholar
Crane, P, Miles, SR and Newman, JE (1959) Factors associated with varietal differences in rate of field drying in corn. Agronomy Journal 51, 318–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, HZ and Zuber, MS (1972) Prediction of flowering dates in maize based on different methods of estimating thermal units. Agronomy Journal 64, 351–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daynard, TB (1972) Relationships among black layer formation, kernel moisture percentage, and heat unit accumulation in maize. Agronomy Journal 64, 716–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daynard, TB and Duncan, WG (1969) The black layer and grain maturity in corn. Crop Science 9, 473–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daynard, TB and Kannenberg, LW (1976) Relationships between length of the actual, and effective grain filling periods and grain yield of corn. Canada Journal Plant Science 56, 237–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwyer, LM, Ma, BL, Evenson, L and Hamilton, RI (1994) Maize physiological traits related to grain yield and harvest moisture in mid- to short-season environments. Crop Science 34, 985–992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmore, R and Abendroth, L (2010) In-field drydown rates and harvest. Retrieved from Iowa State University Digital Repository.Google Scholar
Gao, S, Ming, B, Li, LL, Xie, RZ, Xue, J, Hou, P, Wang, KR and Li, SK (2018) Relationship between grain dehydration and meteorological factors in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Summer Maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica 44, 1755–1763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, S, Ming, B, Li, LL, Xie, RZ, Wang, KR and Li, SK (2021) Maize grain moisture content correction: from nonstandard to standard system. Biosystems Engineering 204, 212–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillson, MF and Penny, LH (1965) Dry materials accumulation and moisture loss during maturation of maize kernel. Agronomy Journal 57, 150–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, RB, Mortimore, G, Gerrish, EE and Kannenberg, LW (1979) Field drying of flint and dent endosperm maize. Crop Science 19, 401–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennings, MV (1974) Genotypic Variability in Kernel Quality of Maize Zea mays L. America: Iowa State University.Google Scholar
Jones, CA and Kiniry, JR (1986) CERES-Maize: a simulation model of maize growth and development. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 41, 339–339.Google Scholar
Kang, MS, Zuber, MS and Horrocks, RD (1978) An electronic probe for estimating ear moisture content of maize. Crop Science 18, 1083–1084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, SK (2013) Characteristics and enlightenment of maize production technologies in the U.S. Journal of Maize Sciences 21, 1–5.Google Scholar
Li, SK (2017) Factors affecting the quality of maize kernel mechanical harvest and the development trend of kernel harvest technology. Journal of Shihezi University 35, 265–272.Google Scholar
Li, XJ, Wang, ZH, Wang, X, Li, TF and Zhang, L (2010) Preliminary localization of natural drying rate QTL of maize kernel after physiological maturity. Acta Agronomica Sinica 36, 47–52.Google Scholar
Li, LL, Lei, XP, Xie, RZ, Wang, KR, Hou, P, Zhang, FL and Li, SK (2017) Analysis of influential factors on mechanical grain harvest quality of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 50, 2044–2051.Google Scholar
Liu, YE, Hou, P, Xie, RZ, Li, SK, Zhang, HB, Ming, B, Ma, DL and Liang, SM (2013) Spatial adaptabilities of spring maize to variation of climatic conditions. Crop Science 53, 1693–1703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muchow, RC (1990) Effect of high temperature on kernel growth in field grown maize. II. Field Crops Research 23, 145–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nass, HG and Crane, PL (1970) Effect of endosperm mutants on drying rate in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Science 10, 141–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuffer, MG, Jone, LS and Zuber, MS (1968) The Mutants of Maize. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Crop Science Society of America. 24. A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ning, XJ, Qin, C, Cui, YP, Li, X and Chen, YM (2015) The spatiotemporal change of agricultural hydrothermal conditions in China from 1951 to 2010. Acta Geographica Sinica 70, 364–379.Google Scholar
Otegui, ME, Ruiz, RA and Petruzzi, D (1996) Modeling hybrid and sowing date effects on potential kernel yield of maize in a humid temperate region. Field Crops Research 47, 167–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russelle, MP, Wilhelm, WW, Olson, RA and Power, JF (1984) Growth analysis based on degree days. Crop Science 24, 28–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, JL and Hallauer, AR (1966) Estimating harvest date of maize in the field. Crop Science 6, 227–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, DW, Dwyer, LM and Carrigan, LL (1998) Phenological temperature response of maize. Agronomy Journal 90, 73–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troyer, AF and Ambrose, WB (1971) Plant characteristics affecting field drying rate of ear corn. Crop Science 11, 529–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsimba, R, Edmeades, GO, Millner, JP and Kemp, PD (2013) The effect of planting date on maize: phenology, thermal time durations and growth rates in a cool temperate climate. Field Crops Research 150, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, KR and Li, SK (2017) Progresses in research on kernel broken rate by combine harvest maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 50, 2018–2026.Google Scholar
Warrington, IJ and Kanemasu, ET (1983) Maize growth response to temperature and photoperiod. II. Leaf initiation and leaf appearance rates. Agronomy Journal 75, 755–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, SS, Logan, J and Coffey D, L (1995) Mathematical formulae for calculating the base temperature for growing degree days. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 74, 61–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, M, Li, SK, Dong, ST, Zhang, DX, Wang, P, Xue, JQ, Gao, JL, Sun, SM, Zhang, JW, Liu, P, Liu, YH and Wang, YJ (2011) The key technology of American maize production and the development of modern maize production in China – a study report after visiting the United States. Crops 5, 1–3.Google Scholar
Zhao, JF, Guo, JF and Mu, J (2015) Exploring the relationships between climatic variables and climate induced yield of spring maize in Northeast China. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 207, 79–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar