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Stimulation of root growth and soil nitrogen uptake by foliar application of urea to wheat and sunflower

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. Sen  and
P. M. Chalk
S. Sen
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
P. M. Chalk
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Summary

Wheat and sunflower plants were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse in Melbourne, Australia (37° 50′ S, 145° 00′ E), from 9 August to 2 October 1991, in cylinders containing two soils (Walpeup loamy sand (LS) and Gombalin clay loam (CL)) of low and moderate N status, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied by immersion of leaves in 0·18 M urea solution (10·5 atom% 15N).

Plants were N-deficient in the Walpeup LS but not in the Gombalin CL soils. Both species had higher root: shoot ratios, and higher proportions of foliar-absorbed N were transferred to the roots, in the Walpeup LS plants. Plant N derived from the fertilizer and root or shoot dry matter were significantly correlated only when plants were N-deficient.

In the Walpeup LS soil, N-fertilized wheat harvested 33 days after sowing (DAS) took up significantly less soil N compared with unfertilized plants, whereas significantly more soil N was taken up by N-fertilized sunflower compared with unfertilized plants harvested at 54 DAS. The fertilizerinduced response in uptake of soil N was directly related to the observed response in production of root biomass for both species. The different responses were related to the severity of the N deficiency and the limited effectiveness of foliar applications of urea in ameliorating the deficiency.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 126 , Issue 2 , March 1996 , pp. 127 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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