Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:12:51.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phosphorus homoeostasis in growing calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

J. Challa ,
G. D. Braithwaite  and
M. S. Dhanoa
J. Challa
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 5LR
G. D. Braithwaite
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 5LR
M. S. Dhanoa
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 5LR
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The mechanisms by which phosphorus homoeostasis is achieved in growing calves in response to changes in P supply ranging from deficient to excess were investigated in three studies in which additional P was given in the diet, infused into the abomasum, or infused directly into the blood.

Whereas the rate of P absorption was directly related to P supplied, the efficiency of absorption of P differed according to the supply. Thus, the absorption efficiency was low from the P-deficient basal diets, increased with P supplementation until the supply was sufficient to meet requirements and then decreased at higher rates of P supply, possibly as a result of homoeostatic control.

The serum P concentration, which was directly related to the rate of P absorption, appeared to determine the rates of P retention, salivary P secretion and urinary P excretion. Urinary P excretion was negligible at P intakes below those needed to supply requirements, and any additional P absorbed was partitioned between retention and salivary P secretion in the ratio 0–88:1, these two processes continuing to have equal priority for absorbed P until retention reached a maximum, approximately equal to the postulated growth requirement. Only when the growth requirement for P had been met, did urinary P excretion occur, increasing progressively as the serum P concentration exceeded the renal threshold.

The endogenous faecal loss of P increased in direct relation to salivary P secretion and hence to the rate of P supply, the increase occurring even in P-deficient animals. This finding supports the claim that the inevitable endogenous faecal loss of P is not maintained at the constant rate expected at zero P intake until all requirements are met, as assumed by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) in their calculations of P requirements, but varies in direct relation to the P intake needed to supply a particular requirement. Indeed, these results suggest that the ARC (1980) recommendations for P, particularly for growing animals, are too low.

Finally, these studies show that bone resorption, salivary P secretion, P absorption and urinary P excretion all play a part in P homoeostasis in the growing ruminating calf, and that the relative importance of each of these processes depends upon the P status of the calf.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 112 , Issue 2 , April 1989 , pp. 217 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council (1965). The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock. London; H. M. S. O.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council (1980). The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Banks, J. N. (1984) Exchanges of major minerals within the stomach region of ruminating calves with particular emphasis on phosphorus and magnesium. Ph. D. thesis, University of Reading.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, J. N. & Smith, R. H. (1983). Mineral exchanges between the mouth and the duodenum in the ruminating calf. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 279–282.Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. S. (1949). Fitting a straight line when both variables are subject to error. Biometrics 5, 207–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkson, J. (1950). Are there two regressions? Journal of American Statistical Association 45, 164–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boxebeld, A., Gueguen, L., Hannequart, G. & Durand, M. (1983). Utilization of phosphorus and calcium and minimal maintenance requirement for phosphorus in growing sheep fed a low-phosphorus diet. Reproduction Nutrition Développement 23, 1043–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1983). Calcium and phosphorus requirement of the ewe during pregnancy and lactation. 2. Phosphorus. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 723–736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braithwaite, G. D. (1984). Changes in phosphorus metabolism of sheep in response to the increased demands for P associated with an intravenous infusion of calcium. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 135–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1985). Endogenous faecal loss of phosphorus in growing lambs and the calculation of phosphorus requirements. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1986). Phosphorus requirements of ewes in pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 106, 271–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challa, J. & Braithwaite, G. D. (1988a). Phosphorus and calcium metabolism in growing calves with special emphasis on phosphorus homoeostasis. 1. Studies of the effect of changes in the dietary phosphorus intake on phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110, 573–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challa, J. & Braithwaite, G. D. (1988b). Phosphorus and calcium metabolism in growing calves with special emphasis on P homoeostasis. 2. Studies of the effect of different levels of phosphorus, infused abomasally, on phosphorus metabolism. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110, 583–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challa, J. & Braithwaite, G. D. (1988C). Phosphorus and calcium metabolism in growing calves with special emphasis on P homoeostasis. 3. Studies of the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of different levels of phosphorus in ruminating calves receiving adequate dietary phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110, 591–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R. C.Budtz-Olsen, O. E., Cross, R. B., Finnamore, P. & Bauert, P. A. (1973). The importance of the salivary glands in the maintenance of phosphorus homeostasis in the sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 913–919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durand, M., Bertier, B., Hannequart, G. & Gueguen, L. (1982). Influence d'une subcarence en phosphore et d'un excés de calcium alimentaire sur la phosphatémie et les teneurs en phosphore et calcium des contenus de rumen de mouton. Reproduction Nutrition Developpement 22, 865–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. C. (1981). Some thoughts on dietary requirements of macro-elements for ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 267–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gueguen, L. (1982). French recommended dietary allowances for calcium and phosphorus in cattle and sheep. 33rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Leningrad, U. S. S. R.Google Scholar
Lueker, C. E. & Lofgreen, G. P. (1961). Effects of intake and calcium to phosphorus ratio on absorption of these elements by sheep. Journal of Nutrition 74, 233–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, R. L. & Pfander, W. H. (1964). Phosphorus metabolism in lambs fed varying phosphorus intakes. Journal of Nutrition 83, 369–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, H., Kato, S. & Tsuda, T. (1976). Effect of hay to concentrate ratio on the parotid secretion and its sodium, potassium and phosphorus levels in sheep. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 38, 347–352.Google ScholarPubMed
Scott, D. & Beastall, G. (1978). The effects of intravenous phosphate loading on salivary phosphate secretion and plasma parathyroid hormone levels in the sheep. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 63, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D. & McLean, A. F. (1981). Control of mineral absorption in ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D., McLean, A. F. & Buchan, W. (1984). The effect of variation in phosphorus intake on net intestinal phosphorus absorption, salivary phosphorus secretion and pathway of secretion in sheep fed roughage diets. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 69, 439–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D., Whitelaw, F. G., Buchan, W. & Bruce, L. A. (1985). The effect of variation in phosphorus secretion on net intestinal phosphorus absorption and faecal endo-genous phosphorus excretion in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 271–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomas, F. M., Moir, R. J. & Somers, M. (1967). Phosphorus turnover in sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 18, 635–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vipperman, P. E. Jr, Preston, R. L., Kitner, I. D. & Pfander, W. H. (1969). Role of calcium in the nutritional aetiology of a metabolic disorder in ruminants fed a high grain ration. Journal of Nutrition 97, 449–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, E. J. (1959). Regression analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Wise, M. B., Ordoveza, A. L. & Barrick, E. R. (1963). Influence of variation in dietary calcium: phosphorus ratio in performance and blood constituents of calves. Journal of Nutrition 79, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed