Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:41:44.959Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Performance and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Sudan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

H. A. Amir  and
F. M. Khalifa
H. A. Amir
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, PO Box 20, Sudan
F. M. Khalifa
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, PO Box 20, Sudan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A trial of open-pollinated (OP) cultivars and hybrids of different origins was conducted in 1986–1988 at two sites in the central clay plains of Sudan, rainfed at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other. Throughout this study, the patterns of growth of the OP cultivars differed greatly from those of the hybrids, despite differences amongst cultivars within each group. Differences in seed yield between OP cultivars and hybrids under irrigation were not significant; but, under rainfed conditions, the hybrids gave higher yields than the OP cultivars. Partitioning efficiency (PE; reproductive mass: total biomass) increased more rapidly during flowering and seed filling in the hybrids than in the OP cultivars; differences in PE between the two groups were significant. The higher leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate of the OP cultivars were compensated to some extent by the higher PE and leaf efficiency values of the hybrids, resulting in similar seed yields of all cultivars under irrigation. Overall, irrigation increased seed yield by 0·6–1·9 t/ha and increased oil content by 8–15%.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 116 , Issue 2 , April 1991 , pp. 245 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ahmed, A. K., Ali, O. A. & Rahman, A. (1983). The evaluation of four varieties of sunflower (Helianlhus annum L.) grown in Sudan as potential oil seeds. Research Report, Food Research Center ARC, Sudan.Google Scholar
Amable, R. A. (1980). An assessment of performance of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) as an oil-seed crop in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 319–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. (1984). Official Methods of Analysis, (14th edn) (Ed. Williams, S.). Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Austin, R. B., Bingham, J., Blackwell, R. L., Evans, L. T., Ford, M. A., Morgan, C. L. & Taylor, M. (1980). Genetic improvements in winter wheat yields since 1900 and associated physiological changes. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 675–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berengena, J. (1978). Sunflower response to irrigation under different environmental conditions. HELIA. Information Bulletin of FAO. Research Network on Sunflower 1, 56–58.Google Scholar
Cox, W. J. & Jolliff, G. D. (1986). Growth and yield of sunflower and soya-bean under soil water deficit. Agronomy Journal 78, 226–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, W. G., McGraw, R. L. & Boote, K. J. (1978). Physiological aspects of peanut yield improvement. Crop Science 18, 1015–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egli, D. B. (1988). Alterations in plant growth and dry matter distribution in soya-bean. Agronomy Journal 80, 86–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evance, L. T. & Dunstone, R. L. (1970). Some physiological aspects of evolution in wheat. Australian Journal of Biological Science 23, 725–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gent, M. P. N. & Kiyomoto, R. R. K. (1989). Assimilation and distribution of photosynthates in winter wheat cultivars differing in harvest index. Crop Science 29, 120–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsworthy, P. R. & Fisher, N. M. (1984). The Physiology of Tropical Field Crops. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Heitholt, J. J., Egli, D. B. & Leggett, J. E. (1985). Characteristics of reproductive abortion in soyabeans. Crop Science 26, 589–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalifa, F. M. (1981). Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dryfarming systems in Sudan. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 97, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalifa, F. M. (1984). Effect of spacing on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under two systems of dry farming in Sudan. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 103, 213–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalifa, F. M., Marshall, C., Daniels, K. & Witcombe, J. R. (1982). Assimilation of 14CO2, assimilate translocation and grain yield in three primitive Nepalese varieties and a European cultivar (Senta) of six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Annals of Botany 50, 49–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, N. D. H. & Canvin, N. D. H. (1977). Photosynthesis and photorespiration in sunflower selections. Canadian Journal of Botany 55, 3006–3012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majid, H. R. & Schneiter, A. A. (1988). Semidwarf and conventional height sunflower performance of five plant populations. Agronomy Journal 80, 821–825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawson, H. M. & Constable, G. A. (1980). Carbon production of sunflower cultivars in field and controlled environments. 1. Photosynthesis and translocation of leaves, stems and heads. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1, 555–573.Google Scholar
Rawson, H. M., Constable, G. A. & Howe, G. N. (1980). Carbon production of sunflower cultivars in field and controlled environments. II. Leaf growth. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 7, 575–586.Google Scholar
Stephenson, A. G. (1981). Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate function. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 12, 253–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talha, M. & Osman, F. (1975). Effect of soil water stress and water economy on oil composition in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 84, 49–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar