Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:40:42.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrient cycling and losses based on a mass-balance model in grazed pastures receiving long-term superphosphate applications in New Zealand: 1. Phosphorus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

M. L. Nguyen  and
K. M. Goh
M. L. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
K. M. Goh
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Phosphorus (P) cycling and losses in irrigated, sheep-grazed pastures receiving superphosphate (SP) applications for 35 years at annual rates of 0, 188 and 376 kg/ha were studied using a massbalance approach which accounted both for P inputs to and outputs from the soil-plant-animal system. Total recoveries of applied P in the soil-plant-animal systems in the 188 and 376 kg SP/ha treatments were 94 and 83% respectively. Approximately 52–53% of the applied P was recovered in the soil within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm soil depth). These data suggest that P leaching losses from SP fertilizer, plant litter, root residue and sheep faeces were unlikely to occur beyond the major plant rooting zone. However, the transfer of excretal P to stock camps and the transport of P from SP fertilizer, plant litter and sheep faeces via the irrigation water along the border from the top to the bottom of the irrigated border strip accounted for less than 6% of the applied P. Superphosphate applications resulted in the accumulation of both soil inorganic and organic P fractions to a depth of 225 mm. The accumulation of soil inorganic P was most pronounced when SP was applied annually at the rate of 376 kg/ha, which was in excess of pasture P requirements.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 119 , Issue 1 , August 1992 , pp. 89 - 109
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrow, N. J. (1980). Evaluation and utilization of residual phosphorus in soils. In The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture (Eds Khasawneh, F. E., Sample, E. C. & Kamprath, E. J.), pp. 333–360. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Barrow, N. J. & Lambourne, L. J. (1962). Partition of excreted nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus between the faeces and urine of sheep being fed pasture. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 461–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, G. J. (1983). The phosphorus cycle in Australian agriculture. In Phosphorus in Australia(Eds Costin, A. B. & Williams, C. H.), pp. 96–111. Canberra, Australia: Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Blair, G. J., Till, A. R. & Smith, R. C. G. (1977). The phosphorus cycle-what are the sensitive areas? In Reviews in Rural Science 3(Ed. Blair, G. J.), pp. 9–19. Armidale, Australia: University of New England.Google Scholar
Bromfield, S. M. (1961). Sheep faeces in relation to the phosphorus cycle under pastures. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 12, 111–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromfield, S. M. & Jones, O. L. (1970). The effect of sheep on the recycling of phosphorus in hayed-off pastures. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 699–711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromfield, S. M. & Jones, O. L. (1972). The initial leaching of hayed-off pasture plants in relation to the recycling of phosphorus. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 811–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, L. B. & Racz, G. J. (1975). Organic and inorganic P content, movement and mineralization of P in soil beneath a feedlot. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 55, 457–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, F. E., Cole, C. V. & Bowman, R. A. (1980). Nutrient cycling. In Grasslands, Systems Analysis and Man. International Biological Programme 19 (Eds Breymeyer, A. I. & Van Dyne, G. M.), pp. 659–712. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Close, M. E. & Woods, P. H. (1986). Leaching losses from irrigated pasture: Waiau Irrigation Scheme, North Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 339–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condron, L. M. & Goh, K. M. (1989). Effects of long-term phosphatic fertilizer applications in soils under irrigated pasture in New Zealand. Journal of Soil Science 40, 383–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condron, L. M. & Goh, K. M. (1990). Nature and availability of residual phosphorus in long-term fertilized pasture soils in New Zealand. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 114, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornforth, l. S. & Sinclair, A. G. (1984). Pasture maintenance, phosphorus. In Fertiliser Recommendations for Pastures and Crops in New Zealand (2nd edn) (Eds Cornforth, I. S. & Sinclair, A. G.), pp. 10–13. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries.Google Scholar
During, C. (1984). Fertilisers and Soils in New Zealand Farming (3rd edn). Wellington, New Zealand: P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer.Google Scholar
Edmeades, D. C., Pringle, R. M., Shannon, P. W. & Mansell, G. P. (1985). Optimum pH for grassland soils. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Lime in New Zealand Agriculture, Ruakura Soil and Plant Research Station, 21–22 February 1984 (Eds Jackson, B. L. J. & Edmeades, D. C.), pp. 65–67. Hamilton, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries.Google Scholar
Fieldes, M. (1968). General Survey of the Soils of South Island, New Zealand. Soil Bureau Bulletin 27. New Zealand Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Wellington.Google Scholar
Floate, M. J. S. & Torrance, C. J. W. (1970). Decomposition of the organic materials from hill soils and pastures. I. Incubation method for studying the mineralisation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 21, 116–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genstat 5 Committee (1987). Genstat 5 Reference Manual. Statistics Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gillingham, A. (1980). Hill country topdressing. Application variability and fertility transfer. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 141, 39–43.Google Scholar
Grace, N. D. (1983). Phosphorus. In The Mineral Requirements of Grazing Ruminants, pp. 106–111. Hamilton, New Zealand: New Zealand Society of Animal Production Occasional Publication No. 9.Google Scholar
Kanchanasut, P. & Scotter, D. R. (1982). Leaching patterns in soil under pasture and crop. Australian Journal of Soil Research 20, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanchanasut, P., Scotter, D. R. & Tillman, R. W. (1978). Preferential solute movement through larger soil voids. II. Experiments with saturated soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 16, 269–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlovsky, J. (1982). The balance sheet approach to determination of phosphate maintenance requirements. Fertilizer Research 3, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. C., Clarke, A. L. & Hall, W. B. (1987 a). Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilised pasture in South- Eastern South Australia. I. Phosphorus. Australian Journal of Soil Research 25, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. C., Clarke, A. L. & Hall, W. B. (1987 b). Phosphorus cycling and losses in grazed pastures105 Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilised pasture in South- Eastern South Australia. II. Total sulphur and nitrogen, organic carbon and pH. Australian Journal of Soil Research 25, 203–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metherell, A. K. & Morrison, J. D. (1984). Guidelines for the MAF Computerised Fertiliser Advisory Service (CFAS). Supplement to Fertiliser and Lime Recommendations for Pastures and Crops in New Zealand 1984. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries.Google Scholar
Middleton, K. R. & Smith, G. S. (1978). The concept of a climax in relation to the fertiliser input of a pastoral ecosystem. Plant and Soil 50, 595–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, J. D. & Baird, D. B. (1990). Spatial distribution of dung patches under sheep grazing. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 33, 285–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, M. L. (1990). Sulphur cycling in soil-plant-animal systems under grazed, irrigated pastures in Canterbury, New Zealand and its implication on pasture sulphur requirements. PhD thesis, Lincoln University.Google Scholar
Nguyen, M. L. & Goh, K. M. (1988). Effects of grazing animals on the plant availability and cycling of fertiliser sulphur in grazed pastures. In Proceedings of New Zealand Society of Soil Science Conference, Nelson Polytechnic, 11 21–25, pp. 76–77. Nelson, New Zealand: New Zealand Society of Soil Science.Google Scholar
Nguyen, M. L. & Goh, K. M. (1990). Accumulation of soil sulphur fractions in grazed pastures receiving long-term superphosphate applications. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 33, 111–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, M. L. & Goh, K. M. (1992). Nutrient cycling and losses based on a mass-balance model in grazed pastures receiving long-term superphosphate applications in New Zealand. 2. Sulphur. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 119, 107–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, M. L., Rickard, D. S. & McBride, S. D. (1989). Pasture production and changes in phosphorus and sulphur status in irrigated pastures receiving long-term applications of superphosphate fertiliser. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 32, 245–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parfitt, R. L. (1980). A note on the losses from a phosphate cycle under grazed pasture. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 8, 215–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Playne, M. J. (1976). The availability of phosphorus in feedstuffs for utilization by ruminants. In Reviews in Rural Science 3(Ed. Blair, G. J.), pp. 155–164. Armidale, Australia: University of New England.Google Scholar
Quin, B. F. & Rickard, D. S. (1981). Pasture production and changes in soil fertility on a long-term irrigated superphosphate trial at Winchmore, New Zealand. In Proceedings of the XIV International Grasslands Congress (Eds Smith, S. A. & Hays, V. W.), pp. 323–326. Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Quin, B. F. & Woods, P. H. (1976). Rapid manual determination of sulphur and phosphorus in plant material. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 7, 415–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quin, B. F. & Woods, P. H. (1978). Surface irrigation of pasture with treated sewage effluent. 1. Nutrient status of soil and pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 419–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, D. S. & McBride, S. D. (1986). Soil temperatures under non-irrigated and irrigated pasture. Winchmore Irrigation Research Station Technical Report No. 20. Winchmore, New Zealand: Winchmore Irrigation Research Station. Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Agricultural Research Division.Google Scholar
Rickard, D. S. & McBride, S. D. (1987). Long term application and residual effects of superphosphate and effects of reactive phosphate rock on irrigated pasture. Winchmore Irrigation Research Station Technical Report No. 22. Winchmore, New Zealand: Winchmore Irrigation Research Station. Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Agricultural Research Division.Google Scholar
Rowarth, J. S., Gillingham, A. G., Tillman, R. W. & Syers, J. K. (1985). Release of phosphorus from sheep faeces on grazed, hill country pastures. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 28, 497–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowarth, J. S., Gillingham, A. G., Tillman, R. W. & Syers, J. K. (1988). Effects of season and fertiliser rate on phosphorus concentrations in pastures and sheep faeces in hill country. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 31, 187–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saggar, S., MacKay, A. D., Hedley, M. J., Lambert, M. G. & Clark, D. A. (1988). The development of a nutrient transfer model to explain the fate of P and S in a grazed hill country pasture. In Proceedings of the Workshop, Towards the More Efficient Use of Fertilizer Sulphur, Massey University, Palmerston North, 17–18 02 1988 (Eds White, R. E. & Currie, L. D.), pp. 262–278. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Occasional Report No. 2, Massey University.Google Scholar
Saggar, S., Hedley, M. J., Gillingham, A. G., Rowarth, J. S., Richardson, S., Bolan, N. S. & Gregg, P. E. H. (1990 a). Predicting the fate of fertiliser sulphur in grazed hill country pastures by modelling the transfer and accumulation of soil phosphorus. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 33, 129–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saggar, S., MacKay, A. D., Hedley, M. J., Lambert, M. G. & Clark, D. A. (1990 b). A nutrient transfer model to explain the fate of phosphorus and sulphur in a grazed hill-country pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 30, 295–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoenau, J. J. & Bettany, J. R. (1987). Organic matter leaching as a component of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur cycles in a forest, grassland, and gleyed soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, 646–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, A. G. & Saunders, W. M. H. (1984). Pasture maintenance, sulphur. In Fertiliser Recommendations for Pastures and Crops in New Zealand (2nd revised edn), pp. 15–17. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Agricultural Research & Advisory Services Divisions.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis System (1987). SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Syers, J. K. & Springett, J. A. (1984). Earthworms and soil fertility. Plant and Soil 76, 93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. R. (1981). A method for surface irrigation design based on infiltration using the border strip as an infiltrometer. PhD thesis, Lincoln College, University of Canterbury.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. A. (1980). Merino sheep and the intrapaddock patterning of herbaceous species on the northern tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. PhD thesis, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales.Google Scholar
Till, A. R. (1981). Cycling of plant nutrients in pastures. In Grazing Animals. World Animal Science BI (Ed. Morley, F. H. W.), pp. 33–53. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scien- tific Publishing.Google Scholar
Till, A. R., Saunders, W. M. H. & Sinclair, A. G. (1987). Plant nutrient sulphur requirements: Oceania. In Sulphur 87. World Regional Requirements. Plant Nutrient Sulphur, pp. 63–73. Houston, Texas: co-sponsored by the Sulphur Institute and the British Sulphur Corporation.Google Scholar
Walker, T. W. & Adams, A. F. R. (1958). Studies on soil organic matter. I. Influence of phosphorus content of parent materials on accumulations of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and organic phosphorus in grassland soils. Soil Science 85, 307–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar