Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:17:26.121Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

High Level Cereal Diets for the Growing/Finishing Pig: VI. An Evaluation of Flaked Maize, Wheat and Barley When Included at High Levels in the Diet of the Weaned Pig Grown to Cutter Weight (160 lb)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

T. L. J. Lawrence
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Field Station, Neston, Wirral, Cheshire, £64 7TE

Summary

In a randomized block 3x2 factorial experiment 72 Large White type and Large White x Landrace pigs were restrictedly fed to 160 lb (72–5 kg) live weight on diets (as wet mashes) containing high levels of maize, wheat or barley in either ground meal or ground flaked forms. A further five groups of six litter-mate Large White type hog pigs per group were used in digestibility and nitrogen balance studies. The diets of meal were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and to contain similar levels of lysine and for each cereal similar levels of protein and vitamin/mineral supplements were included in the flaked diets. There were no significant cereal x processing interactions for any of the parameters studied. Overall, flaking improved digestibility and this was reflected in a higher (P >0-05) digestible energy content of the flaked diets (3402 kcal/kg air dry weight) compared with the meal diets (3334 kcal/kg air dry weight). The digestible energy contents of the maize, wheat and barley diets were significantly different (P < 0-001) at 3477, 3431 and 3195 kcal/kg air-dry diet respectively. Nitrogen retention, growth rate and efficiency of food conversion were all significantly poorer for the flaked, compared with the meal based diets. The nitrogen retained from the wheat-based diets was significantly lower than that retained from the maize- and barley-based diets. Growth rates of pigs given the wheat- and barley-based diets were similar but taken together were significantly (P < 0-05) better than those obtained from pigs given the maize-based diet. Efficiency of food conversion followed a similar pattern but the differences were not statistically significant.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Burnett, G. S. (1962). The effect of damaged starch, amylolytic enzymes, and proteolytic enzymes on the utilization of cereals by chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 3, 89103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnett, G. S. & Neil, E. L. (1964). The influence of processing and of certain crude enzyme preparations on the utilisation of cereals by pigs. Anim. Prod. 6, 237–44.Google Scholar
Diggs, B. G., Becker, D. E., Jensen, A. H. & Norton, N. W. (1965). Energy values of various feeds for the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 24, 555–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, R. E. (1960). Rations for Livestock. Bull. no. 48, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. London: H. M. S. O.Google Scholar
Henry, Y. (1968). Utilisation comparee de cereales comme seuls aliments du pore pendant la periode de finition. Annls Zootech. 17, 183–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1967). High-level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig. II. The effect of cereal preparation on the performance of pigs fed diets containing high levels of maize, sorghum and barley. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 69, 271–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1968). High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig. III. A comparison with a control diet of diets containing high levels of maize, sorghum, wheat and barley. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 70, 287–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1970). High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig. IV. A comparison at two slaughter weights (120 and 200 lb) of diets containing high levels of maize, sorghum, wheat and barley. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 74, 539–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1971a). High level cereal diets for the growing/finishing pig. V. A comparison of finisher diets containing high levels of maize or barley with wide or narrow calorie/protein/lysine ratios when fed to give two different caloric intakes. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 76, 443–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, T. L. J. (1971b). Cubing the diet of the growing pig: Some effects on nutritive value of temperature, pressure and physical form. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 22, 403–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riker, J. T., Perry, R. W., Pickett, R. A., Featherstone, W. R., Beeson, W. M. & Curtin, T. M. (1964). Influence of gelatinized barley, corn, milo or wheat on the occurrence of gastric ulcers in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 23, 1218.Google Scholar
Robinson, D. W., Prescott, J. H. D. & Lewis, D. (1965). The protein and energy nutrition of the bacon pig. IV. Digestible energy values of cereals in pig diets. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 64, 5965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheehy, E. J. & Senior, B. J. (1939). The comparative feeding values for pigs of cereals prepared in the flaked and ground forms. J. Dept. Agric. Eire 36, 230–45.Google Scholar
Swift, R. W. (1957). The caloric value of T. D. N. J. Anim. Sci. 16, 753–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodman, H. E. (1925). Digestion trials with swine. II. Comparative determinations of the digestibility of dry fed maize, soaked maize, cooked maize, and flaked maize. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 15, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodman, H. E. & Evans, R. E. (1932). The value of degermed maize meal (cooked) in the nutrition of swine. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 22, 670–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar