Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:20:39.375Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaporative water loss in domestic fowls and its partition in relation to ambient temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. A. Richards
S. A. Richards
Affiliation:
Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The rate of evaporative water loss has been studied in domestic fowls in the ambient temperature range from 0 to 40°C.

Results for whole-body evaporation were similar when obtained by the open-flow and direct-weighing methods. At low levels of absolute humidity the rate increased by 0·03 mg/(g.h.°C) from 0 to 22 °C and by 0·17 mg/(g.h.°C) from 23 to 40 °C. Wholebody evaporation decreased with rising ambient water vapour pressure by 0·7 mg/(g.h.kPa).

Cutaneous water loss was greater than respiratory water loss below 21 °C; it accounted for 78% of whole-body evaporation at 0 °C, falling to 25% at 40 °C.

The rates of respiratory and whole-body evaporation could both be expressed as linear functions of respiratory frequency.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 87 , Issue 3 , December 1976 , pp. 527 - 532
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrott, H. G. & Pringle, E. M. (1946). Energy and gaseous metabolism of the chicken from hatching to maturity as affected by temperature. Journal of Nutrition 31, 35–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, M. H. (1969). Cutaneous and respiratory evaporation in painted quail, Excalfactoria chinensis. American Zoologist 9, 1099.Google Scholar
Crawford, E. C. & Lasiewski, B. C. (1968). Oxygen consumption and respiration of the emu and rhea. Condor 70, 333–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. H., Hassan, O. E. M. & Sykes, A. H. (1973) Energy utilization in the laying hen in relation to ambient temperature. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81, 173–7.Google Scholar
Dukes, H. H. (1937). Studies on the energy metabolism of the hen. Journal of Nutrition 14, 341–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattingh, J. (1972). A comparative study of transepidermal water loss through the skin of various animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 43A, 715–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchinson, J. C. D. (1954). Evaporative cooling in fowls. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 45, 48–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, J. C. D. & Sykes, A. H. (1953). Physiological acclimatization of fowls to a hot humid environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 43, 294–322.Google Scholar
Kassim, H. (1975). Studies on the respiratory ventilation of the fowl in relation to hot climates. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Lasiewski, R. C., Acosta, A. L. & Bernstein, M. H. (1966). Evaporative water loss in birds. 1. Characteristics of the open-flow method of determination and their relation to estimates of thermoregulatory ability. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 19, 445–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marder, J. (1973). Temperature regulation in the bedouin fowl (Gallus domesticus). Physiological Zoology 46, 208–17.Google Scholar
Menuam, B. & Richards, S. A. (1975). Observations on the sites of respiratory evaporation in the fowl during thermal panting. Respiration Physiology 25, 39–52.Google Scholar
Richards, S. A. (1974). Aspects of physical thermoregulation in the fowl. In Heat loss from Animals and Man (ed. Monteith, J. L. and Mount, L. E.), pp. 255–75. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Romijn, C. & Lokhorst, W. (1961). Climate and poultry. Heat regulation in the fowl. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 86, 153–72.Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. & Suthers, R. (1969). Cutaneous water loss as a significant contribution to temperature regulation in heat stressed pigeons. Physiologist 12, 358.Google Scholar
van Kampen, M. (1971). Some aspects of thermoregulation in the White Leghorn fowl. International Journal of Biometeorology 15, 244–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed