Effect of weed competition on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of wheat as affected by irrigation and fertilizers

Abstract

The composite effects of two irrigation frequencies (one irrigation at crown root initiation stage and five irrigations at five critical physiological stages of wheat), eight nutrient treatments consisting of N, P and K either applied alone or in combinations at the recommended doses (N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 120:60:40 kg/ha) on population and dry weight of weeds and on the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of wheat were investigated. Observations on the components of the weed population and their biomass made at 60 DAS did not reveal any significant difference between the high and low frequency irrigation. Among the nutrient treatments, the N-treated plots (N, NP, NK and NPK) had a higher population and biomass of grass weeds, whereas sole P and K application or their combination produced the greater growth of broad-leaved weeds. However, the overall weed competition was significantly higher in the P- and K-treated plots than in the N-treated plots. The NP, NPK, NK and N treatments produced significantly higher values for dry weight, crop growth rate, leaf area, number of tillers, nutrient uptake, number of ear-bearing tillers, protein content and grain yield than the other treatments. Weeds in unweeded control plots did not significantly affect wheat growth (CGR, dry weight, tillers/plant) and uptake of the nutrients except of the P at 60 DAS. However, the number of ear-bearing tillers, grains per ear and yield were significantly higher in the weed-free plots than in the unweeded control treatment.