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Effect of P fertilizer and precipitation on wheat under permanent beds in the absence of N fertilizer application

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2022

A. Limon-Ortega Open the ORCID record for A. Limon-Ortega [Opens in a new window]  and
A. Baez-Perez
A. Limon-Ortega*
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Mexico-Lecheria km 13.5, Texcoco, estado de Mexico, CP 56250, Mexico
A. Baez-Perez
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Mexico-Lecheria km 13.5, Texcoco, estado de Mexico, CP 56250, Mexico
*
Author for correspondence: A. Limon-Ortega, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Environmental conditions contribute to a large percentage of wheat yield variability. This phenomenon is particularly true in rainfed environments and non-responsive soils to N. However, the effect of P application on wheat is unknown in the absence of N fertilizer application. This study was conducted from 2012 to 2019 in permanent beds established in 2005. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and consisted of superimposing three P treatments (foliar, banded and broadcast application) plus a check (0P) within each one of four preceding N treatments (applied from 2005 to 2009). Foliar P generally showed a greater response than granular P treatments even though the soil tests high P (>30 mg/kg). Precipitation estimated for two different growth intervals explained through regression procedures the Years' effect. Seasonal precipitation (224–407 mm) explained variation of relative yield, N harvest index (NHI) and P agronomic efficiency (AE). Reproductive stage precipitation (48–210 mm) explained soil N supply. In dry years, foliar P application improved predicted relative yield 14% and AE 155 kg grain/kg P compared to granular P treatments. Similarly, soil N supply increased 15 kg/ha in dry moisture conditions during the reproductive stage. The NHI consistently improved over the crop seasons. This improvement was relatively larger for 0 kg N/ha. On average, NHI increased from about 0.57 to 0.72%. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings at the booting growth stage were negatively associated with NHI. Foliar P in this non-responsive soil to N showed the potential to replace granular P sources. However, the omission of granular P needs to be further studied to estimate the long-term effect on the soil P test.

Keywords

Agronomic efficiencynitrogen harvest indexsoil N supply
Type
Crops and Soils Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 159 , Issue 9-10 , November 2021 , pp. 668 - 675
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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