Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T04:58:16.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Detailed studies of grazed swards — techniques and conclusions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. A. Grant  and
C. A. Marriott
S. A. Grant
Affiliation:
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, UK
C. A. Marriott
Affiliation:
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Reviews
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 122 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 1 - 6
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bakker, J. P. (1985). The impact of grazing on plant communities, plant populations and soil conditions on salt marshes. Vegetatio 66, 391–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthram, G. T. & Grant, S. A. (1984). Defoliation of ryegrass-dominated swards by sheep. Grass and Forage Science 39, 211–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthram, G. T., Sitzia, M. & Grant, S. A. (1992). Factors influencing the seasonal variation in canopy structure of continuously stocked grass-clover swards. In British Grassland Society, Third Research Conference, Antrim, Northern Ireland, September 1992, pp. 5–6. Reading: British Grassland Society.Google Scholar
Bazely, D. R. & Jefferies, R. L. (1989). Leaf and shoot demography of an arctic stoloniferous grass, Puccinellia phryganodes, in response to grazing. Journal of Ecology 77, 811–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bircham, J. S. & Hodgson, J. (1983). The influence of sward condition on rates of herbage growth and senescence in mixed swards under continuous stocking management. Grass and Forage Science 38, 323–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, J. L., Hay, M. J. M., Thomas, V. J. & Sedcole, J. R. (1988). Morphology of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants in pastures under intensive sheep grazing. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 111, 273–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, D. F. (1986). Development, removal, and death of white clover leaves under 3 grazing managements in hill country. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curll, M. L. & Wilkins, R. J. (1982). Frequency and severity of defoliation of grass and clover by sheep at different stocking rates. Grass and Forage Science 37, 291–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, A. (1993). Tissue turnover in the sward. In Sward Measurement Handbook, 2nd Edn (Eds Davies, A., Baker, R. D., Grant, S. A. & Laidlaw, A. S.), pp. 183–216. Reading: British Grassland Society.Google Scholar
Davies, A., Baker, R. D., Grant, S. A. & Laidlaw, A. S. (Eds) (1993). Sward Measurement Handbook, 2nd Edn.Reading: British Grassland Society.Google Scholar
Evans, L. T., Wardlaw, I. F. & Williams, C. N. (1964). Environmental control of growth. In Grasses and Grasslands (Ed. Barnard, C.), pp. 102–125. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Grant, S. A. & Marriott, C. A. (1989). Some factors causing temporal and spatial variation in white clover performance in grazed swards. In Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress, Nice (Eds Jarrige, R. et al. ), pp. 1041–1042. Nice: Association Française pour la production fourragère.Google Scholar
Grant, S. A., Torvell, L., Armstrong, R. H. & Beattie, M. M. (1987). The manipulation of mat-grass pasture by grazing management. In Agriculture and Conservation in the Hills and Uplands (Eds Bell, M. & Bunce, R. G. H.), pp. 62–64. Institute of Ecology Symposium No. 23. Grangeover-Sands: ITE.Google Scholar
Hodgson, J., Bircham, J. S., Grant, S. A. & King, J. (1981). The influence of cutting and grazing management on herbage growth and utilisation. In Plant Physiology and Herbage Production (Ed. Wright, C. E.), pp. 51–62. Occasional Symposium No. 13, British Grassland Society. Maidenhead: British Grassland Society.Google Scholar
Hunt, W. F. (1983). Nitrogen cycling through senescent leaves and litter in swards of Ruani and Nui ryegrass with high and low nitrogen inputs. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 26, 461—471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jewiss, O. R. (1966). Morphological and physiological aspects of growth of grasses during the vegetative phase. In The Growth of Cereals and Grasses: Proceedings of the 12th Easter School in Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham (Eds Milthorpe, F. L. & Wins, J. D.), pp. 39–54. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Jones, Ll. I. (1967). Studies on Hill Land in Wales. Technical Bulletin No. 2. Aberystwyth: Welsh Plant Breeding Station.Google Scholar
Kotanen, P. & Jefferies, R. L. (1987). The leaf and shoot demography of grazed and ungrazed plants of Carex subspathacea. Journal of Ecology 75, 961–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, R. H. M. (1956). Growth and nutrition of timothy (Phleum pratense). I. The life history of individual tillers. Annals of Applied Biology 44, 166–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, R. H. M. (1957). Growth and nutrition of timothy (Phleum pratense). II. Growth of the plant in relation to tiller development. Annals of Applied Biology 45, 528–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, R. H. M., Ryle, S. M. & Jewiss, O. R. (1964). The changing plant and tiller populations of timothy and meadow fescue swards. I. Plant survival and the pattern of tillering. Journal of Applied Ecology 1, 197–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marriott, C. & Smith, M. (1992). Senescence and decomposition of white clover stolons in grazed upland grass/clover swards. Plant and Soil 139, 219–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marriott, C. A., Smith, M. A. & Baird, M. A. (1987). The effect of sheep urine on clover performance in a grazed upland sward. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 109, 177–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchley, J. (1988 a). Control of relative abundance of perennials in chalk grassland in Southern England. II. Vertical canopy structure. Journal of Ecology 76, 341–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchley, J. (1988 b). Control of relative abundance of perennials in chalk grassland in Southern England. III. Shoot phenology. Journal of Ecology 76, 607–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuteboom, J. H., Lantinga, E. A. & Van Loo, E. N. (1992). The use of frequency estimates in studying sward structure. Grass and Forage Science 47, 358–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. & Woledge, J. (1991 a). Plant-animal interactions in a continuously grazed mixture. I. Differences in the physiology of leaf expansion and the fate of leaves of grass and clover. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 619–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. & Johnson, I. R. (1991 b). Plant-animal interactions in a continuously grazed mixture. II. The role of differences in the physiology of plant growth and of selective grazing on the performance and stability of species in a mixture. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 635–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silsbury, J. H. (1970). Leaf growth in pasture grasses. Tropical Grasslands 4, 17—36.Google Scholar
Silvertown, J. & Smith, B. (1988). Gaps in the canopy: the missing dimension in vegetation dynamics. Vegetatio 77, 57–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, R. J., Logan, K. A. B., Ironside, A. D. & Bolton, G. R. (1990). The effects of grazing with and without excretal returns on the accumulation of nitrogen by ryegrass in a continuously grazed upland sward. Grass and Forage Science 45, 65–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thórhallsdóttir, T. E. (1990). The dynamics of a grassland community: a simultaneous investigation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at various scales. Journal of Ecology 78, 884–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torvell, L., Common, T. G. & Grant, S. A. (1988). Seasonal patterns of tissue flow and responses of Molinia to defoliation. In Ecological Change in the Uplands (Eds Usher, M. B. & Thompson, D. B. A.), pp. 219–222. Special Publications Series of the British Ecological Society, No. 7. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
VertÈs, F., Le Corre, L., Simon, J. C. & RiviÈre, J. M. (1988). Effets du pietinement de printemps sur un peuplement de trefle blanc pur ou en association. Fourrages 116, 347–366.Google Scholar