Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:42:08.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chemical treatments for increasing the digestibility of cotton straw: 1. Effect of ozone and sodium hydroxide treatments on rumen metabolism and on the digestibility of cell walls and organic matter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

D. Ben-Ghedalia
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
G. Shefet
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Y. Dror
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel

Summary

The digestibility and rumen metabolism of diets containing as 50% of their organic matter (OM), cotton straw (CS) untreated, treated with sodium hydroxide and treated with ozone, were studied in sheep cannulated in the rumen and at the duodenum with simple cannulae. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen of sheep given the ozone and NaOH treatments was higher than in the untreated diet; however, the VFA profiles were not different. The rumen dehydrogenase activity, suggested to reflect general microbial activity, was higher by 83 and 81% in the ozone and NaOH treatments respectively, than in the untreated.

Apparent digestibility of organic matter in the ozone-treated diet was 74·6%; 1·25 and 1·17 times higher than in the untreated and NaOH-treated diets respectively. The calculated values for organic matter and cell-wall digestibilities of the cotton straw in the complete diets were: 30·0, 20·0; 60·8, 60·0; and 39·6, 39·7%, respectively, for the untreated, ozone and NaOH-treated cotton straw. Nitrogen metabolism was not impaired by the presence of formic acid in the ozonated cotton straw; the apparent absorption of N from the intestine and the apparent digestibility of N were higher in the ozonetreated diet than in the untreated or NaOH-treated diet.

The proportion of organic matter and cell walls digested in the rumen was higher in the NaOH and ozone treatments than in the untreated, and the possible reasons for that are discussed. A positive relationship was found between cell-wall digestion in the rumen (% of intake) and the rate of passage (% per h) of particulate matter from the rumen. The interpretation of this relationship is discussed in general and in view of the results of the present study.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baxter, H. D., Montgomery, M. J. & Owen, J. R. (1980). Formic acid treatment of wheat and corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 12911298.Google Scholar
Beever, D. E. & Thompson, D. J. (1981). The effect of drying and processing red clover on the digestion of the energy and nitrogen moieties in the alimentary tract of shsep. Grass and Forage Science 36, 211219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Ghedalia, D. & Miron, J. (1981). Effect of sodium hydroxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide on the composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 32, 224228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-Ghedalia, D., Shefet, G. & Miron, J. (1980). Effect of ozone and ammonium hydroxide treatments on the composition and in vitro digestibility of cotton straw. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 13371342.Google Scholar
Ben-Ghedalia, D., Shefet, G., Miron, J. & Dror, Y. (1982). Effect of ozone and sodium hydroxide treatments on some chemical characteristics of cotton straw. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (in the Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, L. L., Klopfenstein, T. J. & Britton, R. A. (1980). Effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on rate of passage and rate of ruminal fiber digestion. Journal of Animal Science 50, 745749.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chesson, A. (1981). Effects of sodium hydroxide on cereal straws in relation to the enhanced degradation of structural polysaccharides by rumen microorganisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 32, 745758.Google Scholar
Conway, E. J. (1947). Microdiffusion Analysīs and Volumetric Error, 2nd edn.London: Crosby Lockwood.Google Scholar
Dror, Y., Tagari, H. & Bondi, A. (1970). The efficiency of utilization of proteins contained in roughages, soya bean oil meal or mixtures of both, by sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 75, 381392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analyses. USDA Agricultural Handbook, no. 379. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Harpster, H. W. (1980). Digestibility of hydrolyzed oak sawdust for sheep. Journal of Animal Science 51, 145 (abstract).Google Scholar
Hartley, R. D. & Jones, E. C. (1978). Effect of aqueous ammonia and other alkalis on the in-vitro digestibility of barley straw. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29, 9298.Google Scholar
Hogan, J. P. & Weston, R. H. (1967). The digestion of chopped and ground roughages by sheep. II. The digestion of nitrogen and some carbohydrate fractions in the stomach and intestines. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 18, 803819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyden, S. (1961). Determination of the amount of fluid in the reticulo-rumen of the sheep and its rate of passage to the omasum. K. Lantbrukshogsk. Ann. 27, 5179.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. G. (1978). Treating straw for animal feeding. An assessment of its technical and economic feasibility. Animal Production and Health, paper 10, FAO, 81 pp. Rome: F.A.O.Google Scholar
Joslyn, M. A. (1970). Acidimetry. Formic acid. In Methods in Food Analysis, 2nd edn, pp. 429431. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
McQueen, R. E., Reade, A. E. & Nicholson, J. W. G. (1981). Nutritional evaluation of wood fermented by white rot fungi. OECD/Cost Workshop. Improved Utilization of Lignocellulosic Materials for Animal Feed (ed. Ferranti, M. P. and Theander, O.), pp. 4647. Braunschweig: Domsch.Google Scholar
Marlett, J. A. & Lee, S. C. (1980). Dietary fiber, lignocellulose and hemicellulose contents of selected foods determined by modified and unmodified Van Soest procedures. Journal of Food Science 45, 16881693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miron, J. & Ben-Ghedalia, D. (1981). Effect of chemical treatments on the degradability of cotton straw by rumen microorganisms and by fungal cellulase. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23, 2863—2873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Officer, M. B., Pfander, W. H., Wilson, L. L., Grebing, S., Lewis, O. & Paterson, J. A. (1980). The replacement value of acid hydrolysed sawdust for growing lamb diets. Journal of Animal Science 51, 85 (abstract).Google Scholar
Rees, M. C. & Little, D. A. (1980). Differences between sheep and cattle in digestibility, voluntary intake and retention time in the rumen of three tropical grasses. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 483485.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. R., Forsberg, N. E. & Guenter, W. (1979). The nutritive value of pressure-steamed aspen (Populus tremuloides) for mature sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 303312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shefet, G. & Ben-Ghedalia, D. (1982). Effect of ozone and sodium hydroxide treatments on the degradability of cotton straw monosaccharides by rumen microorganisms. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 15, 4751.Google Scholar
Sneddou, D. N., Thomas, V. M., Roffler, R. E. & Murray, G. A. (1981). Laboratory investigations of hydroxide-treated sunflower or alfalfa-grass silage. Journal of Animal Science 53, 1623—1628.Google Scholar
Stevenson, A. E. & Delangen, H. (1960). Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. VII. Modified wet digestion method for determination of chromic oxide in faeces. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 3, 314319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C., Aston, K., Tayler, J. C., Daley, S. R. & Osbourn, D. F. (1981). Milk production from silage. I. The influence of an additive containing formaldehyde and formic acid on the response of lactating heifers and cows to supplementary protein. Animal Production 32, 285295.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. J., Beever, D. E., Lonsdale, C. R., Haines, M. J., Cammell, S. B. & Austin, A. R. (1981). The digestion by cattle of grass silage made with formic acid and formic acid-formaldehyde. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 193207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uden, P., Colucci, P. E. & Van Soest, P. J. (1980). Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 625632.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. (1981). Limiting factors in plantresidues of low biodegradability. Agriculture and Environment 6, 135143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar