Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:39:55.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An equation to predict the leaching of surface-applied nitrate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

I. G. Burns
I. G. Burns
Affiliation:
National Vegetable Research Station, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The fraction (f) of surface-applied nitrate leached below any depth h cm in a uniform soil profile may be calculated from the equation

where P is the quantity of water draining through the soil (in cm) and Vm is the percentage volumetric field capacity. The fraction of nitrate retained is then (1—f).

This equation has been tested using published data. Values of h corresponding to the mean displacement (f = 0·5) were calculated for a wide range of soil and weather conditions and the results compared with mean displacements measured in the field. Similar comparisons were made with the leaching equation of Rousselle (1913) and Levin (1964). The new equation gives good agreement with the observed data, whereas the Rousselle-Levin equation generally overestimates the mean displacement of nitrate. Methods of applying the equations to field situations are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , December 1975 , pp. 443 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allcock, H. J., Jones, J. R. & Michel, J. G. L. (1950). The Nomogram: The Theory and Practical Construction of Computation Charts, 4th ed.London: Pitman.Google Scholar
Balasubramanian, V., Kanehiro, Y., Rao, P. S. C. & Green, R. E. (1973). Field study of solute movement in a highly aggregated oxisol with intermittent flooding. 1. Nitrate. Journal of Environmental Quality 2, 359–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, F. C. & Anderson, O. E. (1964). Nitrogen movement in undisturbed profiles of fallowed soils. Agronomy Journal 56, 278–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, F. C. & Anderson, O. E. (1970). Nitrogen movement comparisons in cropped versus fallowed soils. Agronomy Journal 62, 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bresler, E. & Hanks, R. J. (1969). Numerical method for estimating simultaneous flow of water and salt in unsaturated soils. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 33, 827–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, I. G. (1974). A model for predicting the redistribution of salts applied to fallow soils after excess rainfall or evaporation. Journal of Soil Science 25, 165–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabter, J. N., Bennett, O. L. & Pearson, R. W. (1967). Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen under field conditions using Nitrogen-15. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 31, 50–6.Google Scholar
Cassel, D. K. (1971). Water and solute movement in Svea Loam for two water management regimes. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 35, 859–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrari, Th. J. & Cuperus, J. L. (1973). Dynamic simulation of vertical non-absorbed anion transport. Plant and Soil 38, 425–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frissel, M. J., Poelstra, P. & Reiniger, P. (1970). Chromatographic transport through soils. III. A simulation model for the evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soils with tritiated water. Plant and Soil 33, 161–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, D. J., Cleaver, T. J. & Niendorf, K. B. (1974). Effects of weather conditions on the response of lettuce to applied fertilisers. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82, 217–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, D. J., Wood, J. T. & Cleaver, T. J. (1974). A dynamic model for the effeets of soil and weather conditions on nitrogen response. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82, 455–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmsen, G. W. & Kolenbrander, G. J. (1965). In Soil Nitrogen (ed.Bartholomew, W. V. and Clark, F. E.), pp. 66–7. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, U.S.A.Google Scholar
Hillel, D. (1971). Soil and Water: Physical Principles and Processes, pp. 187–90. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kirkham, D. & Powers, W. L. (1972). Advanced Soil Physics, pp. 379–427. New York: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Kolenbrander, G. J. (1970). Calculation of parameters for the evaluation of the leaching of salts under field conditions, illustrated by nitrate. Plant and Soil 32, 439–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I. (1964). Movement of added nitrates through soil columns and undisturbed soil profiles. Transactions of the 8th International Congress of Soil Science (Bucharest) iv, 1011–22.Google Scholar
Ministry or Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1973). Fertiliser Recommendations. Bulletin no. 209. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Olsen, R. J., Hensler, R. F., Attoe, O. J., Witzel, S. A. & Peterson, L. A. (1970). Fertiliser nitrogen and crop rotation in relation to movement of nitrate through soil profiles. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 34, 448–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paauw, F. van der (1962). Effect of winter rainfall on the amount of nitrogen available to crops. Plant and Soil 16, 361–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousselle, V. (1913). Le mouvement des nitrates dans le sol et ses conséquences relatives à l'emploi du nitrate de soude. Annales de la Science Agronomique, 4th series, pp. 97–115.Google Scholar
Salter, P. J. & Williams, J. B. (1965). The influence of texture on the moisture characteristics of soils. II. Available-water capacity and moisture release characteristics. Journal of Soil Science 16, 310–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volk, G. M. (1964). A suggested approach to the use of rainfall record as an aid in estimating leaching losses and fertilization needs. Proceedings of the Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida 24, 254–9.Google Scholar
Vomel, A. (1966). Der Versuch einer Nährstoffbilanz am Beispiel verschiedener Lysimeterböden. I. Mittcilung: Wassersickerung und Nährstoffhaushalt. Zeitschrift für Acken- und Pflanzenbau 123, 155–88.Google Scholar
Wild, A. (1972). Nitrate leaching under bare fallow at a site in northern Nigeria. Journal of Soil Science 23, 315–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar