Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:17:23.812Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Environmental Hazards of Farming: Thinking About the Management Challenge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2016

Leonard A. Shabman*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia

Abstract

What an economist argues about managing the hazards of new production technologies depends on that individual's beliefs about the scientific credibility of assessed risk of new technologies, about the meaning of voluntary risk and compensations, and about the meaning of “progress” and “nature.” None of these beliefs is derived from the core of the economics discipline. Indeed, the economist's arguments often rest not on economic considerations, but on these matters of belief that are established outside the discipline.

Type
Invited Papers and Discussions
Copyright
Copyright © Southern Agricultural Economics Association 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, K.S.Cost Internalization, Insurance, and Toxic Tort Compensation Funds.Virg. J. Nat. Res. Law, 2(1982): 123148.Google Scholar
Abraham, K.S. and Merrill, R.A.. “Scientific Uncertainty in the Courts.”. Issues Sci. Tech., (Winter 1986):93107.Google Scholar
Arrow, K.J.The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing.Rev.Econ. Studies, 29(June 1962):155173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailar, J.C. III, Crouch, E.A.C., Shaikh, R., and Spiegelman, D.. “One-Hit Models of Carcinogenesis: Conservative or Not?” Soc. Risk Anal. 8:4(1988):485497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardach, E. and Kagan, R.A.. “Liability Law and Social Regulation.” In Social Regulation: Strategies for Reform, Bardach, E. and Kagan, R., eds., San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.Google Scholar
Batie, S.S.. “Agriculture as the Problem.Choices, 3:3(Third Quarter, 1988):47.Google Scholar
Boulding, K.E.. “Agricultural Economics in an Evolutionary Perspective.” Am. J. Agr. Econ. (December 1981):788795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosten, D. and Simmonds, B.. “Inputs for the Starving Continent.Agrichemical Age, 33:7(July 1989):6-7, 2627.Google Scholar
Committee on Scientific and Regulatory Issues Underlying Pesticide Use Patterns and Agricultural Innovation, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council. Regulating Pesticides in Food, The Delaney Paradox. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Costanza, R. “What is Ecological Economics?” Ecological Econ. 1:1(February 1989): 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubos, R.Symbiosis Between the Earth and Humankind.Science, 193(August 1976):459462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkel, A.M.Has Risk Assessment Become Too ‘Conservative’;?Resources, 96(Summer 1989): 1113.Google Scholar
Finkel, A.M.Is Risk Assessment Really Too Conservative?: Revising the Revisionists.Columbia J. Envir. Law, 14:2(1989a):427467.Google Scholar
Freeman, A.M. III, and Portney, P.R.. “Economics and the Rational Management of Risk.” Discussion Paper CRM 89-05, Center for Risk Management, Resources for the Future, March 1989a.Google Scholar
Freeman, A.M. III, and Portney, R.R.. “Economics Clarifies Choices About Managing Risk.” Resources, 95(Spring 1989): 14.Google Scholar
Gianessi, L.P. “Essay: The Environmental and Economic Tradeoffs of Pesticide Policies.” AERE Newsletter, 9:2(November 1989):913.Google Scholar
Gianessi, L.P. and Puffer, C.A.. “Regulatory Policy, New Technology, and Mother Nature.” Resources, 97(Fall 1989):810.Google Scholar
Gladwell, M. “FDA Sees Little Threat From Pesticides on Foods.” Washington Post, Dec. 14,1989.Google Scholar
Hamilton, D. Evolutionary Economics: A Study of Change in Economic Thought. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Hiskes, R.P. “Emergent Risk and Convergent Interests: Democratic Policy Making for Biotechnology.” Policy Studies J., 17:1(Fall 1988):7382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, P.. “Exorcists vs. Gatekeepers in Risk Regulation.” Regulation, (November/December 1983):2332.Google Scholar
Jasanoff, S.. “Cultural Aspects of Risk Assessment in Britain and the United States.” In The Social and Cultural Construction of Risk, Johnson, B.B. and Covello, V.T., eds., Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1986.Google Scholar
Katzman, M.T. “Pollution Liability Insurance and the Internalization of Environmental Risks.” Policy Studies Rev., 5:3(February 1986):614623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D.Politics and Risk: Humans in the Chemical Decision Chain.Choices, 4:3(Third Quarter, 1989):45.Google Scholar
Klamer, A. and McCloskey, D.. “The Rhetoric of Disagreement.” Department of Economics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, December, 1988.Google Scholar
Kneese, A.V. Ben-David, S., and Schulze, W.D.. “The Ethical Foundations of Benefit-Cost Analysis.” In Energy and the Future, MacLean, D. and Brown, P.G., eds., Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1983.Google Scholar
Lindbloom, C.E. “Who Needs What Social Research for Policy Making?” Paper for the New York Education Policy Seminar, Albany, New York, May, 1984 (as quoted in Wildavsky, p. 10).Google Scholar
McKibben, B.Reflections: The End of Nature.” The New Yorker, LXV:30(September 11,1989):47,105.Google Scholar
Mowery, D.C. and Tosenberg, N.. Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norgaard, R.B.Coevolutionary Development Potential.Land Econ., 60:2(May 1984): 160173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, T.. “A Generic View of Toxic Chemicals and Similar Risks.Ecology Law Quarterly, 7:207(1978):207245.Google Scholar
Perrings, C.. “Environmental Bonds and Environmental Research in Innovative Activities.” Ecological Econ., 1(1989):95110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raiffa, H.Concluding Remarks.” In Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe is Safe Enough? Schwing, R.C. and Alberts, W.A. Jr., eds., New York: Plenum Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Ricci, P.F., and Molton, L.S.. “Risk and Benefit in Environmental Law.Science, 214:4(December 1981): 10961100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, L.. “Definition Straitjacket.” Agrichemical Age, 34:1(January 1990):30.Google Scholar
Ruckelshaus, W.D.. “Science, Risk, and Public Policy.” Science, 221(September 1983): 10261028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sagoff, M.. The Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law, and the Environment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Schulze, W.D. and Kneese, A.V.. “Risk in Benefit-Cost Analysis.Soc. Risk Anal., 1:1(1981):8188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, J.L.Resources, Population, Environment: An Oversupply of False Bad News.” Science, 208(June 1980):14311437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, V.K. “Public Choices and Private Risks: The Role of Economic Analysis.” Discussion Paper QE89-12, Quality of the Environment Division, Resources for the Future, 1989.Google Scholar
Viscusi, W.K.Toward a Diminished Role for Tort Liability: Social Insurance, Government Regulation, and Contemporary Risks to Health and Safety.Yale J. Reg. 6:65(1989):65107.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, A.B. Searching for Safety. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1988.Google Scholar
Wynne, B. “Institutional Mythologies and Dual Societies in the Management of Risk.” In The Risk Analysis Controversy: An Institutional Perspective, Kunreuther, H.C. and Ley, E.V., eds., New York: Springer-Verlag, 1982.Google Scholar