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Bridging the Peace Gap in Nigeria: The Panel of the Wise as a Constitutional Essential

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2016

Ademola Oluborode Jegede
Ademola Oluborode Jegede*
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South [email protected]
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Abstract

Since Nigeria's return to democratic governance in 1999, violent conflicts around identities including religion, ethnicity, indigene / settler differentiation and resource control remain a challenge to peace. Thus far, government responses lack a normative framework to motivate consistent intervention and foster peace. While Nigeria's 1999 Constitution identifies peace as a common aspiration, there is a lack of a non-adversarial institutional mechanism to address violent conflicts related to identity. Despite its limited relevance, the visible institution for conflict management is the court. This article argues for the need to establish a panel of the wise, a conflict and peace intervention mechanism, as an “essential” element of the Nigerian Constitution. It then explores key considerations regarding the proposed panel, in terms of its composition, functions and legal status to intervene in the management of violent conflicts associated with identity and fostering peace in Nigeria.

Keywords

Constitutionconstitutional essentialcourtsidentity conflictspanel of the wisepeace
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of African Law , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 264 - 288
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Copyright
Copyright © SOAS, University of London 2016 

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References

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142 Communiqué of the 29th summit of SADC heads of state and government, para 6, available at: <http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2009/sadc0910.html> (last accessed 6 September 2014).

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144 Ibid.

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147 The African Union Panel of the Wise, above at note 141 at 35.

148 Communiqué of the 29th summit, above at note 142, para 6.

149 See respectively, PSC Protocol, art 11(2) and COMESA Activities: “Peace and security”, above at note 145, para III.

150 For political purposes, Nigeria is divided into six geo-political zones: South South, South East, South West, North Central, North East and North West; see Federal Government of Nigeria “Nigeria's path to sustainable development through green economy: Country report to the Rio+20 summit” (June 2012), available at: <http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1023nigerianationalreport.pdf> (last accessed 6 September 2014) at 1.

151 Subject to reappointment for one more term, the tenure of the president of the federation and the governor of a state, and lapsing after four years of office; see Nigeria's 1999 Constitution, arts 135(2) and 180(2) respectively. The Senate and House of Representatives is dissolved after four years; see id, art 64(1).

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156 Id at 29.

157 UNESCO “Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms”, adopted by the General Conference at its 18th session, Paris, 19 November 1974, para IV(7).

158 UNESCO “World congress on disarmament education: Final document and report” (UNESCO House, Paris, 9–13 June 1980), para II(2).

159 UNESCO “Declaration and integrated framework of action on education for peace, human rights and democracy”, para II(9).

160 UNESCO “Declaration of principles on tolerance” adopted by the UNESCO General Conference at its 28th session, Paris, 16 November 1995, art 3(2).

161 “Final document of the tenth special session of the United Nations General Assembly (SSODI special session on disarmament I)” (A/S - 10/4 UN GA).

162 “International decade for a culture of peace and non-violence for the children of the world (2001–2010)”: UN GA res 53/25.

163 “Final report on the United Nations year for tolerance”: UN GA res A/51/201.

164 “Declaration and programme of action on a culture of peace”: UN GA res A/53/243.

165 “United Nations study on disarmament and non-proliferation education”: UN GA res A/57/124.

166 UNESCO “A declaration on a culture of peace” A/53/243 53rd session, agenda item 31.

167 Adopted by the Organization for African Unity, Nairobi, Kenya, 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986, art 23.

168 Nigeria deposited an instrument of ratification to the charter on 22 July 1983; see: <http://www.achpr.org/instruments/achpr/ratification/> (last accessed 10 September 2014).

169 “National Peace Council”, above at note 109.

170 PSC Protocol, art 11(3).

171 “Modalities”, above at note 120, sec IV(8).

172 High Court of Lagos State (Civil Procedure) Rules 2012, order 25, rule 2, sub-rule 1.

173 The Court of Appeal Rules, 2011, order 16, rule 1, sub-rule 1.

174 Id, rule 3(a).

175 High Court of Lagos State (Civil Procedure) Rules 2012, order 39, rule 4(3).

176 This is defined by the Latin maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius [when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned, others of the same class are excluded] and interpreted in Nawa v Attorney General of Cross Rivers State [2008] ALL FWLR (pt 401) 807 at 843, paras F – H.

177 Court of Appeal Rules 2011, order 16, rule 4.

178 “Declaration on the report of the Peace and Security Council on its activities and the state of peace and security in Africa” (Assembly/AU/Decl.1(XXI)), adopted by AU Assembly, 21st ordinary session, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26–27 May 2013, para 1.

179 Ibid.

180 Ibid.