Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T18:50:29.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

III. The Welfare Services in Indonesia, 1900–1942*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2010

P. Boomgaard
P. Boomgaard
Affiliation:
Royal Institute for the Tropics & Free University, Amsterdam
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It was a reluctant Dutch government, representing an equally reluctant Dutch population, that had to recognize the independent Republic of Indonesia in 1949. The so-called decolonization process had been a traumatic experience for all parties concerned. The academic community in the Netherlands was no exception to this rule, and Dutch ‘Indonesian studies’ went into a long hibernation. This applies particularly to the study of the welfare services, an aspect of Dutch colonial rule that had been the pride and glory of civil servants and scholars alike (many of them former civil servants).

Type
Articles
Information
Itinerario , Volume 10 , Issue 1: India and Indonesia from the 1920 to the 1950s: The Origins of Planning , March 1986 , pp. 57 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © Research Institute for History, Leiden University 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1 Wertheim, W F, Indonesian society in transition A study of social change (The Hague/Bandung 1959 2) 103–104Google Scholar.

2 Jonkers, A, Welvaarlsiorg in Indonesie ('s-Gravenhage 1948).Google Scholar It is a major flaw of this otherwise interesting introduction, that co-operations do not receive the attention due to them.

3 If it could be proved that rice prices decreased more than prices for other crops, a large scale shift from the cultivation of rice to that of other crops would be understandable

4 Onderzoek naar de mindere welvaart der inlandsche bevotking op Java en Madoera, 33 vols (Batavia 1905-1914)Google Scholar

5 Crcutzberg, P ed, Het ekonomisch beleid in Nederlandsch-Indie, 4 vols. (Groningen 1972-1975) I, 278,Google ScholarPerk, A, ‘Historische ontwikkeling van de landbouwvoorlichting in Indonesie’, 5 vols (mimeo, Wageningen s a ) 1, 8Google Scholar.

6 Perk, , ‘Historische ontwikkeling van de landbouwvoorlichting’, II, 8,Google ScholarSnapper, I, ‘Medical contributions from the Netherlands Indies’, in Honig, P, Verdoorn, F eds., Science and scientists in the Netherlands Indies (New York 1945)316Google Scholar.

7 A detailed report of his research in Ngrowo (Kediri) can be found in Gelpke, J H F Sollewijn, Naar aanleiding van Staatsblad 1878 No 110 (Batavia 1901)Google Scholar for an appraisal of his work see Vries, E. de, ‘De cultuur- en bedrijfsontledingen in den inlandschen landbouw’, Landbouw VI (1930-1931)Google Scholar

8 For details see the Colonial Reports (Koloniaal Verslag 1871-76, additional details on the civil servants in question, see Bezemer, T J ed., Beknbpte Encyclopaedic van Nederlandsch-Indie ('s-Gravenhage/Leiden 1921)Google Scholar.

9 Creutzberg, , Het ekonomisch beleid I, 344 and 391,Google Scholar on the magang system see H Sutherland, The making of a bureaucratic elite (Singapore 1979) 31 ff

10 C.J. Bernard, ‘Le jardin botanique et les institutions de botanique appliquée aux Indes Neerlandaises, in Honig and Verdoorn eds., Science and scientists, 10-15, Bezemer, Beknopte Encyclopaedic s v. Plantentuin, Perk, ‘Historische ontwikkeling’, I, 1-4

11 Cordes, J W H, De djaii-bosschen op Java (Batavia 1881) 188ff,Google ScholarChijs, J A van der, Nederlandsch- Indisch Plahaatboek 1602-1811, 16 vols (Batavia 1885-1900), XIII, edict (plakaal) 8 9 1803 and XIV, edict 26 5 1808Google Scholar

12 Perk, ‘Historische ontwikkeling, I, 16ff, Coolhaas, W P, Insulinde, mensch en maatschappy (Deventer s a) 37,Google ScholarHelsdingen, W H van and Hoogenberk, H, Daar werd wat groots verricht, Nederlandsch-Indie in de XXe eeuw (Amsterdam 1941) 364Google Scholar.

13 Perk, , ‘Historische ontwikkeling’, II, 3,Google ScholarCoolhaas, , Insulinde, 38Google Scholar.

14 Perk, , ‘Historisch ontwikkeling', II, 35,Google ScholarVries, E de, ‘De welvaartsdiensten’, in Baudet, H, Brugmans, I J. eds., Balans van beleid (Assen 1961) 275–276,Google ScholarVries, E de, ‘De cultuuren bedrijfsontledingen’, 48Google Scholar.

15 Perk, , ‘Historische ontwikkeling’, I, 31,Google ScholarCreutzberg, , Het ekonomisch beleid, I, 354Google Scholar.

16 Perk, , Historische ontwikkeling’, II, 19Google Scholar.

17 Boeke, J H, ‘Inlandsche budgetten’, Kolonrale Studren Xl 1926) 229Google Scholar.

18 Vries, De, ‘De cultuur-en bedrijfsontledingen’, 38ffGoogle Scholar

19 Ibidem, 48, Perk, , 'Historische ontwikkeling’, 11, 59Google Scholar.

20 Coolhaas, , Insulinde, 47Google Scholar, the results of the project were published as al, J J Ochse et., ‘Gelden producten-huishouding, volksvoeding en -gezondheid in Koetowinangoen’, Landbouw X, 4/5 (1934)Google Scholar.

21 Creutzberg, Het ekonomisch beleid, I, S13ff.

22 Timmer, W.J., Object en methode der sodale agronomie (Dissertation, Batavia 1947Google Scholar.

23 Most of the following section comes from Perk, , ‘Historische ontwikkeling’, I, see alsoGoogle ScholarMol, G A de, ‘Vijf en twintig jaren eenvoudig landbouwonderwijs in Nederlandsch-lndie’, Landbouw XIII, 7/8 (1937) 262–337Google Scholar.

24 Mol, De, ‘Vijf en twintig jaren’, 265–266Google Scholar.

25 Vries, E de, ‘Rijstpolitiek op Java in vroeger jaren’, Landbouw XIII (1937) 155Google Scholar.

26 Boomgaard, P, ‘Disease, death and disasters in Java, 1820-1880’, (Paper for the Conference on Disease, drugs and death in modern Southeast Asian History, Canberra, 1983) 4Google Scholar.

27 Hugenholtz, W.R., ‘Famine and food supply in Java 1830-1914’(Paper, s a. 1984)Google Scholar.

28 Most data in this section are from Creutzberg, Het ekonomisch beleid, II, Chapter II.

29 Perk, , ‘Historische ontwikkeling’, II, 1Google Scholar.

30 Vries, De, ‘Rijstpolitiek op java’, 152Google Scholar.

31 Burger, D H, Sociologisch-Economische geschiedenis van Indonesie, 2 vols. (Wageningen 1975) II, 127ffGoogle Scholar.

32 For a more detailed study of Indramayu see Breman, J., Agrarische misstanden en hervormingen in Cirebon (Rotterdam 1981),Google Scholar for Bojonegoro Penders, C L M, ‘The “ethical” policy in action the effect of cheaper credit facilities and agricultural extension in Bojonegoro and Tulungagung’ (Paper for the Conference on Economic growth and social change in Indonesia 1820-1940, Groningen, 1984)Google Scholar.

33 Creutzberg, , Het ekonomisch beleid, II, 421ffGoogle Scholar.

34 Scheltema, A M P A, The food consumption of the native inhabitants of Java and Madura (Batavia 1936),Google ScholarCreutzberg, , Het ekonomisch beleid, II, 527, A. Booth, ‘Accommodating a growing population in Javanese agriculture’(Paper, s a )Google Scholar.

35 Most of the information for this section comes from J Th Metzelaar, ‘Irrigatie’, in C J J van Hall and C van de Koppel eds., De Landbouw in den Indischen Archipel I (Den Haag 1946) 2p1–238, Lekkerkerker, C, ‘Verbetering en vermeerdering van cultuurgrond op Java’, Indische Gids LI, 1 (1929) 521–557,Google ScholarBurger, , Sociologisch-Economische geschiedenis van Indonesie II,Google ScholarHelsdingen, Van and Hoogenberk, , Daar werd wot pools verricht, 273–285,Google ScholarMeulen, W A van der, ‘Irrigation in the Netherlands Indies’, Bulletin of the Colonial Institute III, 3-4 (1940) 142–159Google Scholar.

36 Different figures are found in the literature, but the trend is the same.

37 Schoute, D., De geneeshunde in Nederlandsch-Indie gedurende de negentiende eeuw (Batavia 1934-1935),Google ScholarTheunissen, W F, ‘The Public Health Service, a brief survey’, Bulletin of the Colonial Institute III, 3–4 (1940) 160–161Google Scholar The term DVG will be used for the entire period 1911-1942.

38 Boomgaard, ‘Disease, death and disasters’.

39 Coolhaas, , Insulinde, 80Google Scholar.

40 Peverelli, P., De torg voor de volksgezondheid in N I ('s-Gravenhage s a ) 23, Theunissen, ‘The Public Health Service’, 170Google Scholar

41 Coolhaas, , Insulinde, 100–101,Google ScholarPeverelli, , ‘De zorg voor de volksgezondheid’, 23–24,Google ScholarBulletin Dienst der volksgezondheid hygienische organisatie, several issues.

42 Peverelli, , ‘De zorg voor de volksgezondheid’, 99–100Google Scholar.

43 For nineteenth century diseases see Boomgaard, ‘Disease, death and disasters’, for the twentieth century Snapper, ‘Medical contributions’, Helsdingen, Van and Hoogenberk, , Daar werd wat groots verricht, 394–396,Google ScholarCoolhaas, , Insulinde, 87–99Google Scholar.

44 This section is largely based on Hul, T H, ‘Plague in Java’ (Paper for the Conference on Disease, drugs and death in modern Southeast Asia, Canberra, 1983)Google Scholar.

45 Ibidem, 2-3.

46 Snapper, , ‘Medical contributions’, 316–317Google Scholar.

47 See Brown, C., ‘The 1918 influenza pandemic in Indonesia’ (Paper for the Conference on Disease, drugs and death in modern Southeast Asia, Canberra, 1983)Google Scholar.

48 Coolhaas, , Insulinde, 118Google Scholar.

49 Margono Djojohadikoesoemo, Tien jaren codperatie-voorlkhting vanwege de overheid, 1930-1940 (Batavia 1941) 11.

50 , Coolhaas, Insulinde, 122ffGoogle Scholar.

51 Boomgaard, P, ‘Buitenzorg in 1805, the role of money and credit in a colonial frontier society’(Paper fortheVth KOTA Conference, Leiden, 1984)Google Scholar.

52 Coolhaas, , Insulinde, 116-17 and 133,Google Scholar Margono Djojohadikoesoemo, Tien jaren cobperalievoorlichting, 99ff.

53 Djojohadikoesoemo, Margono, Tien jaren cobperatie-voorlichting, 27ff, 34ff, 68ff, 104–105,Google ScholarDjojohadikoesoemo, Soemitro, Het volkscredietwezen in de depressie(Haarlem 1943) 187–188Google Scholar.

54 Creutzberg, , Het ekonomisch beleid, II, 468–488Google Scholar.

55 Djojohadikoesoemo, Margono, Tien jaren cooperatie-voorlichting, 103Google Scholar, Timmer, Object en methode der sociale agronomic, 213ff.

56 Djojohadikoesoemo, Margono, Tien jaren cooperatie-voorlichting, 82–83Google Scholar.

57 Vries, De, ‘De welvaartsdiensten’, 284Google Scholar.

58 Verhagen, K., Co-operations for survival (Amsterdam/Geneva 1984)4Google Scholar.

59 Maunder, A H, Agricultural extension, a reference manual (Rome 1972) 4Google Scholar.

60 The training and support of primary health care workers, Proceedings 1981 international Health Conference (Washington 1981)62Google Scholar.